Term
What is special about
Vibrio fischeri? |
|
Definition
-produces luciferase (enzyme)
- only at high cell density
- "quorum sensing"
- squid symbiont |
|
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Term
What does each of the partners in
V. fischeri mutualism win? |
|
Definition
- squid is protected
("counter-illumination")
- bacteria is protected and fed
("light organ") |
|
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Term
How is the division of
Epulopiscium fischelsoni different? |
|
Definition
- new daughter cells grow inside the mother cell
- mother cell is killed when daughters are released |
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Term
What is special about
Epulopiscium fischelsoni? |
|
Definition
- 1 million times larger than E coli
- vizible to the naked eye
- looked like it had organelles
(turned out to be daughter cells)
- unusual cell division |
|
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Term
What is special about
E coli? |
|
Definition
- there are 2 different strains
(harmless symbiont & pathogen)
- they have identical 16S rRNA, but chromosome only 75% similar |
|
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Term
What is special about
Mycoplasma pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
- has no peptidoglycan
- may substitute with cholecterol and an endoskeleton |
|
|
Term
What does cholesterol do for
Mycoplasma pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
- buffer membrane fuidity
- either increase/decrease molecular space
- very rare |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Magnetospirillum magnetotactum? |
|
Definition
- has storage glanules made of magnetite
- thought to be "organelles"
- used to orient motility in magnetic field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- membrane invaginations as they are not completely surrounded by membrane
MamK |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Mycobacterium tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
- unusual cell architecture (capsule)
- thick waxy cuticle |
|
|
Term
| What is the special capsule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis made of? |
|
Definition
| - 2 EPS layers with "mycolic acid" lipid bilayer between them |
|
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Term
| What are the advantages of having a special capsule like Mycobacterium tuberculosis does? |
|
Definition
| - resistance to everything |
|
|
Term
| What are the disadvantages of having a special capsule like Mycobacterium tuberculosis does? |
|
Definition
- slow growth
- reduced diffusion |
|
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Term
What is special about
Borrelia burgdorferi? |
|
Definition
- has an endoflagellum that ratoates the body to push through viscous environments
- requires no iron
- has linear chromosome |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Caulobacter crescentus? |
|
Definition
- asymmetric division
- stalk, during starvation |
|
|
Term
What happens when
Caulobacter crescentus divides?
|
|
Definition
- mother cell looses flagellum
- grows stalk
- elongates and grows flagellum at other end
- divides (2 different types of cell) |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Deinococcus radiodurans? |
|
Definition
- extremely radiation resistant
- multiple choromosomes per cell
- nucleoid compacted into torus
- very desiccation resistant
|
|
|
Term
What is the role of the multiple chromosomes in
Deinococcus radiodurans? |
|
Definition
| - provide many copies to correctly reassembly after radiation break the chromosome into pieces |
|
|
Term
What is the role of the torus in
Deinococcus radiodurans? |
|
Definition
| - may preserve order of the pieces for rapid reassembly |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus? |
|
Definition
- pulls into the periplasm of prey with Type IV pili
- solidifies host outer membrane
- turns prey into growth chamber
- lyses host cytoplasmic membrane |
|
|
Term
What kind of division does
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus use? |
|
Definition
- multiple simultaneous divisions
- NOT binary fission |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Chlamydia trachomatis? |
|
Definition
- alternates between 2 cell types
- lacks FtsZ
- can't make its own ATP
- can't be cultured in lab |
|
|
Term
How does Chlamydia trachomatis
alternate between 2 cell types?
|
|
Definition
- EB = "Elementary body"
(growth arrested, dormant)
- RB = "Reticulate body"
(growing form, toxic) |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Cloistridium acetylbutylicum? |
|
Definition
- flexible heterotroth
(can even eat TNT)
- ferments sugar to acetone and butanol
- improved fermentation by heat-shocking to select for spore-formers |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Geobacter metallireducens? |
|
Definition
- respires soluble metals
(Fe, uranium, technitium)
- respires insoluble metals
- pili conduct electrons outside cell "nanowires" |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Halobacterium salinarum? |
|
Definition
- extremely halophilic
- desiccation/radiation resistant
- simple proton pump directly coupled to light absorption
- does not use ETC |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Sinorhizobium meliloti? |
|
Definition
- fixes nitron in nodules
- symbiont with bacteria |
|
|
Term
How does cell-cell communication unwind with
Sinorhizobium meliloti? |
|
Definition
1. plant root sends flavanoid signal to attract the bacteria
2. Bacteria sends signal "Nod factor" back to plant
3. "infection thread"
4. "bacteroid formation" |
|
|
Term
| What does Sinorhizobium meliloti and the plant get out of their collaboration? |
|
Definition
- bacteria gets C
- plant gets N |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exotic C, N and energy source that only Sinorhizobium meliloti on the outside can eat. |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Bacillus subtilis? |
|
Definition
- "competent"
takes up free DNA from the environment
- sporulation, cascade of sigma factors |
|
|
Term
What is special about
Fremyella diplosiphon? |
|
Definition
- "chromatic adaptation"
(photosynthetic pigments change in response to light control)
- forms heterocysts to protect nitrogenase
- oxygenic photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
What does Fremyella diplosiphon do for chromatic adaptation?
|
|
Definition
- adjusts antenna proteins to match light color
- in green light, green-absorbing phycobilisomes are synthesized
- in red light, red-absorbing ... |
|
|
Term
| Who controls the Chromatic adaptation of Fremyella diplosiphon? |
|
Definition
- RcaE (Histidine kinase)
-RcaC (Response regulator)
- green: RcaE/C does nothing
- the green absorbing pigments are the default state
- in red light, RcaC is phosphorilated, binds to DNA |
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