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Definition
| the study of carbon-containing compounds, typically containing carbon-carbon bonds |
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| the study of the chemistry of living systems |
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| an atom or group of atoms that imparts characteristic chemical properties to an organic compound |
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| compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only C-C bond |
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| compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one C=C bond |
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| compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond |
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| hydrocarbon compounds that contain a planar, cyclic arrangement of carbon atoms linked by both omega and delocalized pi bonds |
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| compounds possessing the same formula but differing in the bonding arrangements of the atoms |
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| a group that is formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane |
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| saturated hydrogen of general formula CnH2n in which the carbon atoms form a closed ring |
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| a form of isomerism in which compounds with the same type and number of atoms and the same chemical bonds have different spatial arrangements of these atoms and bonds |
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| a reaction in which a reagent adds to the two carbon atoms of a carbon-carbon multiple bond |
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| reactions in which on atom (or group of atoms) replaces another atom (or group of atoms) within a molecule; substitution reactions are typical for alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons |
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| an organic substance obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group for a hydrogen on a hydrocarbon |
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| a compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to one oxygen |
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| the C=O double bond, a characteristic feature of several organic functional groups, such as ketones and aldehydes |
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| an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group to which at least one hydrogen atom is attached |
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| a compound in which the carbonyl group occurs at the interior of a carbon chain and is therefore flanked by carbon atoms |
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Definition
| a compund that contains the COOH functional group |
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| an organic compound that has an OR group attached to a carbonyl; it is the product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol |
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| an organic compound that has an NR2 group attached to a carboxyl |
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| a reaction with water; when a cation or anion reacts with water, it changes the pH |
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| hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base |
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Definition
| a term describing a molecule or an ion that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image |
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| a biopolymer formed from amino acids |
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Definition
| a carboxylic acid that contains an amino group attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxylic acid functional group |
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Definition
| a bond formed between two amino acids |
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Definition
| a polymer of amino acids that has a molecular weight of less than 10,000 |
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| the sequence of amino acids along a protein chain |
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| the manner in which a protein is coiled or stretched |
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| the overall shape of a large protein, specifically, the manner in which sections of the protein fold back upon themselves or intertwine |
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| the structure of a protein resulting from the clustering of several individual protein chains into a final specific shape |
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Definition
| a protein structure in which the protein is coiled in the form of a helix with hydrogen bonds between C=O and N-H groups on adjacent turns |
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Definition
| a structural form of protein in which two strands of amino acids are hydrogen-bonded together in a zipperlike configuration |
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| the process by which a protein adopts its biologically active shape |
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Definition
| a class of substances formed from polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones |
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Definition
| a polyhydroxy aldehyde whose formula is CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO; it is the most important of the monosaccharides |
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Definition
| a simple sugar, most commonly containing seix carbon atoms; the joining together of monosaccharide units by condensation reaction results in formation of polysaccharides |
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Definition
| a substance made up of many monosaccharide units joined together |
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| the general name given to a group of polysaccharides that acts as energy-storage substances in plants |
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| the general name given to a group of polysaccharides of glucose that are synthesized in mammals and used to store energy from carbohydrates |
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| a nonpolar molecule derived from glycerol and fatty acids that is used by organisms for long-term energy storgae |
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| a form of lipid molecule that contains charged phosphate groups |
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Definition
| polymers if high molecular weight that carry genetic information and control protein synthesis |
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Definition
| compounds formed from a molecule of phosporic acid, a sugar molecule, and an organic nitrogen base; nucleotides form linear polymers called DNA and RNA which are involved in protein synthesis and cell reproduction |
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Term
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| a polynucleotide in which the sugar component is deoxyribose |
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Definition
| a polynucleotide in which ribose is the sugar component |
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Definition
| a structure for DNA that involves the winding of two DNA polynucleotide chains together in a helical arrangement. The two strands of double helix are complementary in that the organic bases on the two strands are paired for optimal hydrogen bond interaction |
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