Term
| T/F: most oral tumors are benign. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions put cats at an increased risk for oral tumors? |
|
Definition
Living with smokers
Eating tuna
Eating canned food
Flea collars |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common oral tumor in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oral tumors make up to ___% of feline cancers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common oral tumor in dogs? |
|
Definition
Malignant melanoma
Note: malignant melanoma > ameloblastoma > SCC > FSA > OSA |
|
|
Term
| Oral tumors are the ____ most common cancers in dogs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions increase dogs to tonsillar SCC? |
|
Definition
| Dogs living in urban areas are at increased risk for tonsillar SCC. |
|
|
Term
| What are some differentials for oral masses? |
|
Definition
Plasmacytoma
CSA
OSA
TVT
MCT
Tongue tumors
Tooth root abscess
Gingival Hyperplasia
Granulomatous/dental disease
Foreign body
Eosinophilic plaques (cats) |
|
|
Term
| Surgical excision is most likely to cure oral tumors in what locations? |
|
Definition
Rostral mandible
Tongue
Buccal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What type of margins are recommended for excision of oral masses? |
|
Definition
2 cm
Cryosurgery can be performed for lesions <2 cm with no bone invasion |
|
|
Term
| T/F: even if a FNA is negative, regional lymph nodes should be removed and examined when an oral tumor is diagnosed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be done to cure odontogenic tumors? |
|
Definition
Maxillectomy
Mandibulectomy--higher chance of local recurrence |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of oral tumors? |
|
Definition
Often discovered during routine dental exam
Gingival swelling
Loose teeth
Oral mass, halitosis, pain when opening mouth, oral hemorrhage, poor appetitie, dysphagia, weight loss
*ptyalism*-cats
Swelling below eye or along jaw
Epistaxis, sneezing, mucopurulent nasal discharge |
|
|
Term
| What diagnostics should be done when working up an oral mass? |
|
Definition
Minimum database
Good oral exam under general anesthesia
*FNA/histopath on all lymph nodes
Three-view thoracic radiographs
Oral radiographs
*CT*
Immunohistochemistry |
|
|
Term
| ___% of animals with oral tumors will show metastasis at the time of diagnosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately _____ of melanomas are amelanotic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the stages for oral tumors: |
|
Definition
Stage I: <2cm
Stage II: 2-4 cm, no spread
Stage III: >4 cm, +/- regional lymph nodes
Stage IV: any size, +/- regional lymph nodes, *distant metastasis* |
|
|
Term
| What are some negative prognostic indicators for oral tumors? |
|
Definition
Metastasis
Incomplete surgical excision
Caudal location in mouth
Greater bone lysis on CT scan
Size/tumor volume: larger = worse
Histologic grade
Large number of cells in the S phase |
|
|
Term
| What oral tumors are responsive to chemotherapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of oral malignant melanomas met to the lymph nodes and lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: there is a better prognosis for dogs with smaller malignant melanomas that are treated alone vs. dogs with bigger tumors. |
|
Definition
True
<2cm without mets: 9-10 months
2-4 cm without mets: 5 months |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of radiation therapy in the treatment of oral tumors? |
|
Definition
Kill residual microscopic disease
Palliative for non-resectable tumors |
|
|
Term
| Which oral tumors are responsive to radiation therapy? |
|
Definition
SCC
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma |
|
|
Term
| Which oral tumors are poorly responsive to radiation therapy? |
|
Definition
FSA
Malignant melanoma
Note: malignant melanoma is radiation responsive with the goal of keeping the oral disease under control until metastatic disease develops. |
|
|
Term
| What NSAID can be used for canine oral SCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the function/use of the merial melanoma vaccine: |
|
Definition
The vaccine is used to treat microscopic metastatic disease that is present but can't see.
Tyrosinase is a melanosomal glycoprotein essential for melanin synthesis and present on canine melanoma cells (even amelanotic ones). A DNA plasmid containing human tyrosinase is injected IM and is different enough to elicit an immune response.
4 treatments, 2 weeks apart, are administered. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: rostral SCC of dogs have a higher MST than caudal SCC. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of oral FSA in dogs: |
|
Definition
Younger dogs, common on palate
Low-grade FSA behave more aggressively than they appear
MST: 10-12 months
Distant mets uncommon |
|
|
Term
| OSA have a MST of ______ if on the maxilla and _____ if on the mandible, often have local recurrence, and ___-___% metastasize. |
|
Definition
5 months
>2 years
30-50%
Chemotherapy helps. |
|
|
Term
| Surgical excision of feline SCC is often not possible because ____ of them involve the _______ (organ). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: salivary gland tumors are typically malignant in both dogs and cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common clinical presentation of dogs with oral masses? |
|
Definition
| Gingival swelling with oral ulceration |
|
|
Term
| For a radiograph to show bone lysis, ___% loss of cortical bone is necessary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acanthomatous ameloblastoma is radiation responsive. With radiation therapy alone, MST of 1 year is ___% with a median survival of ___years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: feeding tube placement at the time of surgery is required for all cats receiving radiation therapy and for most treated with surgical excision of oral masses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MST of cats with oral SCC or FSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
