Term
| Are betalactams cidal or static |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What beta lactams exhibit cross reactivity with their hypersensitivity reaction? |
|
Definition
Aztreonam: Only Ceftazidime
Penicillin(<5% of the time): Cephalosporins and Carbapenams |
|
|
Term
| What are the natural penicillins and how are they administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum of action for the Natural pencillins? |
|
Definition
Streptococci
Enterococci
Treponema pallidium |
|
|
Term
| Why are the antistaph Penicillins better against staph? |
|
Definition
| Bulky R-group blocks many B-lactamases |
|
|
Term
| What are the oral Anti-staph penicillins |
|
Definition
| Dicloxacillin, Cloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| Which anti-staph Penicillins have serious side effects |
|
Definition
Methicillin: AIN (Banned in US)
Nafcillin: Phlebitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum of Anti-staph Penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Aminopenicillins and their routes of administration |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin(PO), Ampicillin(IV,PO), Bacampicillin |
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum for the aminopenicillins |
|
Definition
Listeria, H. pylori
Strep
Entero
GNR |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of aminopenicillins |
|
Definition
| Better against Gram Negatives |
|
|
Term
| What are the anti-pseudomonal Penicillins and why are they effective against pseudomonas |
|
Definition
Piperacillin(a ureidopenicillin)
Ticarcillin(Carboxypenicillin)
Penetrate further into the cell wall |
|
|
Term
| What is the major adverse effect of Anti-pseudomonal Penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are the anti-pseudomonal penicillins eliminated |
|
Definition
| Saturable Renal and Biliary Excretion |
|
|
Term
| What are the beta lactam/Beta lactamase inhibitor combos and their route of administration |
|
Definition
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Ticacillin/Clavulanate
Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate:Oral |
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum for B-lactam/B-lactamase inhibitor combos |
|
Definition
Strep
MSSA
Enterococci
GNR
Anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| What Cephalosporins have CNS penetration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 1st generation cephalosporins and their route of administration |
|
Definition
Oral: Cephalexin
IV: Cephazolin |
|
|
Term
| Spectrum for 1st generation Cephalosporins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2nd generation Cephalosporins and their route of administration |
|
Definition
Oral: Cefuroxime
IV: Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, Cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of the 2nd generation cephalosporins over the 1st generation |
|
Definition
Better Gram Negative coverage (Nesseria)
Cefoxitin and Cefotetan work against Anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins and which are effective against Pseudomonas |
|
Definition
Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone: Pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of the 3rd generation cephalosporins |
|
Definition
Better Gram(-) coverage
Better against Strep; except Ceftazidime is worse |
|
|
Term
| What do you need to remember about Cefotriaxone |
|
Definition
| Can cause Biliary sludge and bc of this should never be given to a neonate |
|
|
Term
| What should you remember about Ceftazidime |
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity cross reactivity with Aztreonam |
|
|
Term
| What is the prototypical Monobactam and its route of Administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages of Aztreonam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is administered with Imipenam and why? |
|
Definition
Cilastatin
Blocks renal dihydropeptidase to prevent the degradation of Imipenam |
|
|
Term
| What are the Carbapenems and their route of administration |
|
Definition
Imipenen
Meropenem
Ertapenem
All are IV 1x per day |
|
|
Term
| What is the major adverse effect of Imipenem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum of Carbapenems |
|
Definition
Strep
MSSA
GNR
Pseudomonas
Some entero
ERTAPENEM: No Pseudomonas, Actinobacter or Entercocci coverage |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the anti-biotics effective against pseudomonas |
|
Definition
Ureido/Carboxypenicillins
3rd/4th generation Cephalosporins
Monobactam
Carbapenems except Ertapenem
Polymyxins
Aminoglycosides |
|
|
Term
| What are the Glycopeptides and their mechanism of action |
|
Definition
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Bind terminal D-ala-D-ala of PG
|
|
|
Term
| Why must Glycopeptides be administered orally for C.difficil infections |
|
Definition
| They have poor bioavailibility |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Glycopeptides |
|
Definition
Redman Syndrome: From Rapid infusion
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotic is more effective for b-lactam susceptible bacteria: Vancomycin or and b-lactam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum for the Glycopeptides |
|
Definition
| Gram(+) Aerobes and Anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| What is the Mechanism and Administration of Bacitracin |
|
Definition
Blocks bactoprenol pyrophosphate phosphorylase
Topical Only |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Fosfomycin |
|
Definition
| Blocks PG monomer Synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Cycloserine |
|
Definition
| Blocks the D-ala linker enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What is the prototypical lipoglycopeptide and what is its spectrum |
|
Definition
Televancin
Same as Glycopeptides + some Vanco resistant |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action and adverse affects of daptomycin |
|
Definition
Gram(+) Cell membrane insertion-> Cation Leak
Adverse: Rise in creatine Kinase bc of Rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum for Daptomycin |
|
Definition
Gram(+) Aerobes and Anaerobes
MRSA, VRE |
|
|
Term
| What is the Mechanism and adverse effects of the polymyxins |
|
Definition
Detergent against Gram(-)
Adverse: Nephrotoxic
Neurotoxic |
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum of the polymyxins |
|
Definition
Gram(-)
Psuedomonas
Not Serratia or providentia |
|
|
Term
| What are the cell-wall inhibitors affective against anaerobes |
|
Definition
B-lactam/B-lactamase Combos
Cefoxetin, Cefotetan
Daptomycin: Gram(+) Anaerobes
Glycopeptides: Gram(+) Anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| What are the common Polymyxins and their mode of administration |
|
Definition
Polymyxin E (Colistin), Polymyxin B
IV, PO, Inhalation |
|
|
Term
| Is Red-Man syndrome allergy mediated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anti-biotic is inactivated by surfactant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anti-biotic induces foamy urine and alterations in taste |
|
Definition
|
|
