Term
| How is the Visual Acuity Test graded? |
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Definition
| The letter sizes are generated at a 5 minute angle from the observer. Each size corresponds to a distance from the observer such as 15, 20, 30...200 ft. The acuity is assigned based on the smallest letter size visible at twenty feet. |
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Term
| How is visual acuity graded if the patient is worse than 20/400? |
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Definition
Finger Count
Hand motion
Light Perception
If all are negative: patient is "No Light Perception" |
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Term
| What area of the retina is tested in visual acuity? Should patients be tested with thier glasses on or off? |
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Definition
Only Fovea is Tested
Glasses on |
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Term
| What is the best way to test visual field? |
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Definition
| Ask the patient to stare at you nose, hold up both of your hands superiorly at shoulder width, and ask the patient to repeat the number of fingers you are holding up. Repeat for inferior fields |
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Term
| What are some characteristics you are assessing in the pupil examination? |
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Definition
Equal
Roundness
Reactive to: Light and Accomodation |
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Term
| How do you test the efferent and afferent limbs of the light reflex? |
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Definition
Afferent: Rapid swinging light test
Efferent: Compared constricted pupil size of each eye as light is shined in one eye |
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Term
| How do you evaulate the intergrity of each of the extraocular muscles? |
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Definition
Lateral Movement: Lateral Rectus(VI)
Medial Movement: Medial Rectus
Superior Temporal Movement: Superior Rectus
Inferior Temporal Movement: Inferior Rectus
Superior Nasal Movement: Inferior Oblique
Inferior Nasal Movement: Superior Oblique(IV) |
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Term
| What is Tropia and what are the different Types? |
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Definition
Eye deviation during focusing
Esotropia: Medially
Exotropia: Laterally
Hypertropia: Upward
Hypotropia: Downward |
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Term
| How do you evaluate Tropia and how is it different than phoria? |
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Definition
Hirschberg's Test: Shine penlight and evaluate whether the reflexion is returning from the pupil or iris
Phoria: Latent deviation that is overcome by focusing on an object |
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Term
| When should you not dilate a pupil for a fundus exam and why is this not an ultimatum? |
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Definition
When the Anterior chamber of the eye appears shallow
ER treatment of narrow angle glaucoma is fast and effective, so that precipitation of an acute narrow angle epsiode rarely results in complications |
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Term
| What pathology seen in the eye exam is best viewed in red free light? |
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Definition
| Visualize retinal hemorrhages |
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Term
| How should you consult patients who believe they lost a contact behind their eye? |
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Definition
| Palpebral conjunctiva reflects on the bulbarconjunctiva |
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Term
| What structure of the eye contributes most of the light refraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the muscles that open the eye and which muscle is impaired in horner's syndrome |
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Definition
Levator Palpebri
Superior Tarsal(Muellers)- Impaired in horner's bc it is innervated by the sympathetics |
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Term
| What is a Marqu-Gunn Pupil |
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Definition
Afferent Lesion in light perception in one eye
Light response in one eye fails to contrict and may dialate, however, the light reflex in the opposite eye will constrict the non-responding pupil |
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Term
| If a patient exhibited heterophoria, under what circumstances would the deviation be seen and when would it not? |
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Definition
| The phoria would not be seen when focusing |
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Term
| Which cranial nerves innervate the obicularis oculi muscle, the levator palpebri muscle, and Mueller's muscle |
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Definition
Oculi: CNVII
Palpebral: CNIII
Mueller's: Sympathetics running with CNIII |
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Term
| How do you assess the depth of the anterior chamber |
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Definition
Shine light into the side of eye:
Uniform Iris Illumination- Normal
Only Lateral Iris Illumination- Narrow anterior chamber |
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