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Oncology
N/A
79
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
10/28/2010

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Cards

Term
Carcinogenesis
Definition
on going growth of cancers
Term
Immortalization
Definition
ability to grow through indefinite number of divisions
Term
Transformation
Definition
growth moving to some that grow unrestricted... cancer cells
Term
Metastasis
Definition
cancer cells invading more distant areas in the body
Term
Mutations
Definition
occur over time and cause clusters of malignant cells
Term
Oncogenesis
Definition
accumulation of many genetic mutations, several mutations in the DNA of tumor cells
Term
cellular dysfunction
Definition
defect in cellular proliferation... they dont die as soon as others
Term
anaplasia
Definition
defect in cellular differentiation
Term
carcinoma
Definition
aka cancer; abnormal growth of cells
Term
sarcoma
Definition
cancer that stems from conntective tissue cells
Term
aneuploid
Definition
abnormal number of chromosomes
Term
carcinoma in situ
Definition
involves only the place that the cancer started; it has not yet spread
Term
cytokine
Definition
A small protein released by cells that has a specific effect on the interactions between cells
Term
antigens
Definition
a molecule recognized/attacked by the immune system
Term
dysplasia
Definition
changing of the cells to a different type; happens before cancer
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
major cell growth
Term
oncogenes
Definition
A gene that causes the transformation of normal cells into cancerous tumor cells, especially a viral gene that transforms a host cell.
Term
tumor markers
Definition
substances found in the body (usually in the blood and urine) that signal that there is cancer in the body
Term
TNM Classification System
Definition
classification of malignant tumors; T is size of tumor and if it has invaded nearby tissues; N is regional lymph nodes involved; M is metastasis
Term
Clinical Staging
Definition
I-IV of how the cancer is spread
Term
What is the most fatal cancer?
Definition
Lung Ca
Term
At what age should women begin YEARLY clinical mammo's.
Definition
40 y/o ... every 3 yrs 18-39 y/o
Term
What is the PSA test
Definition
a blood study for prostate cancer that indicates hormone differences
Term
what is the DRE test
Definition
a digital rectal exam for prostate cancer
Term
EPCA-2 what is that?
Definition
a new test; much more specific to prostate cancer antigen
Term
on the PSA what is the lowest risk category?
Definition
0-2.5 ng/mL is low
Term
When to start colorectal cancer screenings?
Definition
age 50
Term
Warning signs of colorectal cancer
Definition
change in BM patterns, blood in stools, pt says stoll is narrower than usual (indicative of tumor)
Term
Tumor Staging of TNM
Definition
0- no tumor
1 - in situ (limited in organ/well differentiated)
2-4 graded by size and spread
Term
Node staging of TNM
Definition
0- not in lymph nodes
1a-2a - regional nodes
1b-3b region nodes with metastasis
Term
Metastasis staging of TNM
Definition
0- no evidence of distant metastasis
1-3 - increasing the organ pread
Term
difference between excisional and incisional biopsy
Definition
excisional takes out the whole tumor, incisional takes out part of it
Term
stereostatic biopsy
Definition
radiographic guiding sampling of non palpable lesions (ex: breast)
Term
what is ionizing radiation?
Definition
machine generated, in and out procedure
Term
what is beam radiation?
Definition
teletherapy, very very specific to the spot of cancer.
Term
what is brachytherapy?
Definition
radioactive seeds are implanted into the part of the body where the cancer is. this makes the person radioactive! there are dangers to other people
Term
each chemotherapy is different because...
Definition
it works on different parts of the cell cycle
Term
NADIR is ...
Definition
time specific administration of drugs. there is a time frame that the cells are most vulnerable (this is the NADIR)
Term
Neutropenic
Definition
Low WBC, at risk for infection
Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition
low plateletes, bleeding risk
Term
vesicant
Definition
toxic, burns tissue
Term
What is HNPCC?
Definition
Hereditary Non Polyposis Colon Cancer: families typically have at least three members with a hx of colorectal cancer, and patients commonly develop cancers aat an early age
Term
What is FAP?
Definition
Familiar Adenomatous Polyposis: also have a strong family hx of colon cancer and develop multiple polyps age, some of which ultimately turn malignant if measures are not taken
Term
what is the "Duke Staging" system for?
Definition
colon
Term
what is the "Gleason staging" system for?
Definition
prostate
Term
What is the "Barcelona Staging" system for?
Definition
Liver
Term
Prophylaxis surgery
Definition
remove premalignant tissue
Term
biopsy
Definition
needle, incisional, excisional, staging
Term
Cure surgery
Definition
local, wide local (radial), wide excision
Term
cytoreductive
Definition
debulking
Term
palliation
Definition
quality of life focus
Term
what is a needle biopsy?
Definition
fine needle or core needle into a solid tumor
Term
what is an excisional biopsy?
Definition
removal of the WHOLE tumor
Term
what is an incisional biopsy
Definition
removes only part of the tumor
Term
what is a stereotatic biopsy
Definition
radiographing guiding sampling of non-palpable lesions
Term
what is beam radiation?
Definition
teletherapy, "spot specific"
Term
what is brachytherapy
Definition
radiation from within the body deliverred by seeds, liquids etc
Term
what is mylosuppression?
Definition
suppression of RBCs, WBCs and plateletes from use of chemotherapeutics and radiation
Term
Tamoxifen blocks...
Definition
estrogen
Term
Flutamide blocks...
Definition
androgen
Term
Prednisone is an _______ for leukemia
Definition
antineoplastic
Term
what is a PICC
Definition
chemo access from arm to R atria/superior vena cava... infections and blockage are common
Term
Hickman Device
Definition
into great vessel with exit and midsternum has balloon inflate
Term
Biotherapy?
Definition
therapy via immune system
Term
Cytokines?
Definition
proteins mediate and regulate immune system
Term
Monoclonal Antibodies?
Definition
pure immuniglobins from a hybridoma
Term
retinoids?
Definition
vitamin A derivatives
Term
erythropoietin regulates ________ _____________
Definition
RBC production
Term
causes of fatigue
Definition
competition for calories, lack of intake, deconditioning
Term
Who is Kaposi's sarcoma most common in?
Definition
HIV pts -- spotting on skin (bruising)
Term
What is the Karnofsky scale?
Definition
fatigue scaling where 100 is living and 0 is dead
Term
what is stomatitis
Definition
sores in the mouth common to chemo patients
Term
what is mucositis?
Definition
sores that go from mouth down the esophogus from chemo/radiation. can go all the way down the GI tract
Term
cancer risks are frequently _______ when a person eats a high fiber diet
Definition
lowered
Term
metastasis is most commonly found in the _____
Definition
liver
Term
cytotoxic chemotherapy places a person at high risk for injury related to ________.
Definition
infection
Term
G-CSF increases -_________ production
Definition
neutrophil
Term
__________ is an antineoplastic for leukemia
Definition
prednisone
Term
why is a port a good solution to the damage that vesicant drugs can do?
Definition
reduce tissue damage, reduces needle stick
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