Communication artifact prepared with specific intent of relaying information in presentabtle form; narrative, graphic, tabular data

1. ensure all departments function properly

2. provide info

3. provide analysis

4. persuades others

5. creates organizational knowledge management systems

1. data acquisition

2. infomration generation 

3. decision making

4. Business process managemnt

1. Outcome oriented metrics

2. external - service level agreements

3. internal - kep performance indicators (KPI)

4. used as part of Six Sigma 

- presents a range of different performace indicators on one page

(color used to draw attention)

- low operational

- Kaplan and Norton method to integrate finacnial performacne, customer, business process and growth perspective

- only a gew in prganization -> strategic vision 

-OLTP

- Data supply

- ETL

- Data storage

-Business logic

- Publicaation

-Assurance

1. translates strategies and objective into plans

2. monitor performance

3. analyze variations

4. adjusts objectivie and actions

• The most frequently used graphical visuals for time series data

• Show the relationship between 2 variables

• Used to track changes or trends over time

• Often used to show time dependent changes in the values of some measure

• Among the most basic visuals used for data representation

• Effective when you have nominal data or numerical data that splits nicely into different categories so you can quickly see comparative results and trends

• Often used to compare data across multiple categories

• Can be vertically/horizontally oriented or stacked on top of each other to show multiple dimensions in a single chart

• Visually appealing, pie looking charts

• Since they are the most attractive, they are often incorrectly used

• Should be used to show the relative proportions of a specific measure

• If the number of categories to show is more than just a few (more than 4), you should seriously consider using a bar chart

• Used to explore the relationship between 2 of 3 variables in 2D or 2D visuals

• It is an effective way to explore the existence of trends, concentrations, and outliers

• An enhanced version of a scatter plot

• They should be viewed as a technique to enrich data illustrated in scatter plots

• By varying the size and/or color of the circles, once can add additional data dimensions offering more enriched meaning about the data

• Graphically speaking, looks just like a bar chart

• The difference is in the information that is being portrayed

• Are used to show the frequency distribution of a variable or several variables

• Show the distributional shape of the data

• This way, one can visually examine if the data is normally or exponentially distributed

• A special case of horizontal bar charts that are used to portray project timelines, project tasks/activity durations, and overlap amongst the tasks/activities

• Make for an invaluable aid for management and control of projects

• Used to show progress toward a goal

• Essentially a variation of a bar chart

• Often used in place of gauges, meters, and thermometers in a dashboard to more intuitively convey the meaning within a much smaller space

• Can measure how the primary measure is performing against its overall goals

• Display hierarchical (tree structured) data as a set of nested rectangles

• Each “branch” of the tree is given a rectangle, which is then tiled with smaller rectangles representing sub-branches

• A leaf node’s rectangle has an area proportional to a specified dimension on the data, often they are colored to show a separate dimension of the data  

• They can display thousands of items on the screen simultaneously

1. Monitorin: graphical, abstracted data to monitor key performance metrics

2. Analysis: summarized dimensional data to analyze the root cause of problems

3. Management: detaield operational data that identify what actions need to be taken 

1. visual components

2. transparency to user

3. combining types of data into summarized, unified view

4. drill-down and drill-up options

5. dynamic, real-world view

6. require little coding to implement, deploy and maintain

BMP encompasses a closed-loop set of processes that link straategy to execution in order to optimize business performcance

1. Strategize: high level of action, long period to achieve goals

2. Plan: Operational managers know and understand the what, they will be able to come up with the how (detailed operational and financial plans) ex: integration

3. Monitoring/Analyze: performacen of organization be monitored

Assist managers in tracking the implementation of business strategy by comparing actual results against goals. Systematic wat of setting goats together with periodic feedback to indicate progress

Strategic objective and measures performacne against a goal

1. Strategy

2. Target

3. Ranges

4. Encoding

5. Time frames

6. Benchmarks

1. Customer Performacne

2. Serivice performacne

3. sales opterations

4. sales plan/forecast

• If customer arent satisfied, they will eventually find other suppliers that will meet their needs
• poor performacne from this perspecives, regardless of financial, is a leading indicator of future decline
• custoemr should be analyzed in terms of kinds of custoemrs and the kinds of processes for which we are providing a product or service to those custoemrs groups 

• Timely and accurate funding data will always be a priority and managers will do whatever necessary to provide it
• There is usually more than enough handling and processing of financial data 
• current empahsis on financial leaders to the "unbalanced" situation with regards to otehr persepctives
• There is prehaps a need to include additional financial related data, such as risk assessment and cost-benefit data in this category 

• Indicates how an organization can improve its abiliity to change and imrpve in order to achieve its vision
• includes employee training, knowledge management, and corporate cultural characterisitics related to both individuals and corporate level improvement
• Essential foundation for sucess of any knowledge worker organizations
• mentors and tutuors 

• Fucus on importance of business processes
• specifies the processes the organization must excel at in order to satisfy its shareholders and customers

• Enables them to scrutinize their processes, pinpoint problems and apply remedies
• Six Sigma provides the means to measure and monitor key processes related to ca company's proftiability and to accelerate improvement in overal business peformance
• Aims to reduce the number of defects in a business process

• Six signma
• closed loop

1. Define - goals, objectives

2. Meausere - exisitng systems, establish quantitative measures that will yield statisticall vaild data

3. Analyze - to identify ways to eliminate gap between current performacne of the system and improve gap

• Discovering knowledge from large amounts of data
• Knowledge extractions, pattern analysis, data archaeplogy, infomration harvesting, pattern searching, and data dredging
• Process that uses statistical, mathematicsal, articical intelligience to extract and idenfity information in subsequence
• Strives to make progress in extracting useful infromation and knowledge from large database

• Nontrivial (experimentations type steps are involved)
• Valid
• Novel (patters are not previously known)
• Ptentially useful
• ultimately understable 
• Consolidated in data warehouse
• client server architecture or web-baseds

Labels of multiple classes used to divide a variable into specific groups

ex: race, sex, age

- also called discrete data

Measurement of simple codes assigned to objects, binomial values

ex: marital status - single, married, divorces

Contains codes assigned to objects and events that represents rank 

ex: Credit scores - low, medium, high

represents numeric values to specific variables 

ex: age, numbers of value, income

- Also called continuous data that is whole or fractional

Measured on an interval scale

ex: temperature in celsius

measurement variables commonly found in physical science and engineering

ex: mass, lenght, energy, electic charge

• Association
• prediction
• clusters
• sequential relationships
• prediction
• classicifcation
• clustering
• visualization
• time-seriese forecasting

Find commonly co-occuring grouing of things for data mining

ex: beer-diaper connection 

• discovering interesting relationships amoung cariables in large database
• link analysis: linkage amoung many objects of interest are discovered automatically 

Tell nature of futre occurrence of certain events based on at happened in past

ex: temperature, winner of superbowl

Natural groupings of things based on known charcteristics

ex: assigning customers in different segments based on demographics and past-purchase behaviors

Discover time-ordered events

ex: such as prediciting that an exisiting banking customer who has checking account will open a saving account. and then an investment in a year

Supervised induciton, to analyze the historical data sorred in databse to automatically generate a model to predic future behavior

- uses neural networks and decision treesm logistics regression and discriminant analysis

- sometimes unrealistic assumptions