Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside
Broad (mostly neg)
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside
Broad (mostly neg)
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Pseudomonas DOC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside
Broad (mostly neg)
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Significant allergic response. Comes in Neosporin ointment/sol. (with polymixin B and either bacitracin or gramicidin) CAN BE USED IN COMBO FOR ACANTHAMOEBA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aminoglycoside
Broad (mostly neg)
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Only injectable into eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tetracycline
Broad, +rickettsia and chlamydia
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Also anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tetracycline
Broad, +rickettsia and chlamydia
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Also anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tetracycline
Broad, +rickettsia and chlamydia
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
Also anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrolide
Narrow, mostly gram+ Rickettsia, H.flu, chlamydia. Resistance common
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (50s)
DOC for legionnaires. Ophthalmic versions are ointment only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrolide
Broad. gram+/- and chlamydia
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (50s)
DOC for chlamydia (1g). Comes as azasite. Possible anti-inflammatory effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Macrolide
Staph/strep skin infection and sinusitis
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (50s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other
Mostly gram +, anaerobic gram - and MRSA
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis (50s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Other
Broad, rickettsia, chlamydia. Pseudomonas is resistant
MOA: inhibit protein synthesis (50s)
Good corneal penetration but harsh side effects (gray baby syndrome, bone marrow issues) ALSO causes optic neuritis (edema, hemes, optic atrophy), decreased VA, central scotomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MOA: Inhibit cell wall synthesis
Narrow, gram + (few gram -) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillin
Gram +, neisseria and treponema
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicllin
G+
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillinase resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicllin
G+
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillinase resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicllin
G+
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillinase resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicllin
G+
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillinase resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillin
Extended spectrum (mostly g+, some g-)
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillin
Extended spectrum (mostly g+, some g-)
MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillin
Gram+, anti-pseudomonal
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Penicillin
Gram+, anti-pseudomonal
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
1st gen
IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria, some g-
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria, some g-
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
Gram +, neisseria, some g-
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
More gram -, less gram +. better for MRSA than other cephalosporins
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
3rd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cephalosporin
More gram -, less gram +. better for MRSA than other cephalosporins
MOA:inhibit cell wall synthesis
3rd gen
Can be fortified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mostly gram +cocci/bacilli
MOA: inhibit cell wall
Lots of side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MOA: disrupts bacterial membrane structure
Narrow, gram- including enteric rods. 2ns choice for pseudomonas
Great in combination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MOA: Inhibit cell membrane
Gram + |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad (most g+ resistant)
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling
2nd gen
Precipitates in cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad (most g+ resistant)
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad (most g+ resistant)
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad (most g+ resistant)
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling
3rd gen
Comes as 1.5% (Iquix) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad more gram + than others
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling.Mess with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
4th gen
Can come self-preserved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluoroquinolone
broad, more gram+ than others
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling.Mess with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
4th gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chloro-Fluoroquinolone
broad, more gram + than others and less resistance
MOA: disrupt DNA synthesis and supercoiling. Mess with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
4th gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemotherapeutic agent
Broad, more gram+
MOA: inactivates dihydrofolate reductase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemotherapeutic agent
Sulfonamide
Wide spectrum. Resistance in US
MOA: interrupts bacterial folic acid synthesis by competing with PABA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chemotherapeutic agent
Sulfonamide
Wide spectrum. Resistance in US
MOA: interrupts bacterial folic acid synthesis by competing with PABA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Thymidine analog
DOC for HSEK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral
Inhibits DNA synthesis
Gel For HSVEK. Less frequent dosing, less tocixity (targets virus)
Can be used for adenovirus in theory
Oral for CMV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral
Produg activated by HSV thymidine kinase
Can be used prophylactically or for acute HSK or HZO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral
Prodrug of acyclovir
Better bioavailability
Can be used for prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ANtiviral
Inhibits viral DNA
For genital and ophthalmic HSV
Pro-drug of penciclovir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antifungal (topical)
Broad spectrum (candida, aspergillus etc)
Only FDA approved treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-fungal
Can be formulated into topical, but usually systemic
Toxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treatment of acanthamoeba |
|
|
Term
| Polyhexamethylene biguanide |
|
Definition
| Treatment of acanthamoeba |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kills everything
Very toxic to eye
Pre-surgical or for adenovirus (EKC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ester-steroid
Less IOP increase, less cataracts etc.
Comes in drop (0.5%),preservative free ointment,and now gel (few shakes)
Comes in 0.2% for allergies (alrex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ketone Steroid
Acetate, alcohol, phosphate (strongest to weakest)
Potent
Comes as an oral (for mild to severe inflammation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ketone steroid
Acetate=Flarex, alcohol=FML, phosphate (strongest to weakest) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ketone steroid
Acetate, alcohol, phosphate (strongest to weakest)
Strongest steroid response! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prednisolone derivate with better potency, lipophilicity, and better anti-inflammatory affect. NO SHAKE (emulsion). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ketone soft steroid
Inactivated metabolite of pred
Strong but poor penetrance (so weak action) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Injectable steroid (usually periocular) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Injectable steroid
Used for chalazia and post-seg stuff
Comes as an implant for diabetic macular edema
Available orally for moderate inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dexamethazone implant for macular edema following vein occlusions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluocinolone acetonide implant (operating room) for chronic uveitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluocinolone acetonide implant (in office) for Diabetic ME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ganciclovir implant for CMV retinitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tobramycin and loteprednol
Potent steroid/antibiotic
Good for s. aureus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gentamicin and pred acetate
Potent steroid/antibiotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tobramycin and dexamethasone
Potent steroid/antibiotic
comes in ST form which has less IOP affects and is a suspension with xanthan gum (longer retention) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neomycin, polymyxin B, and pred acetate
Potent sensitizing antibiotic and strong steroid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neomycin, polymyxin B and dexamethasone
potent sensitizing antibiotic and weak steroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neomycin polymyxin b and hydrocortisone
Potent sensitizing antibiotic and VERY weak steroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mast cell stabalizer
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mast cell stabalizer
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mast cell stabalizer
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mast cell stabalizer
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dual action allergy med
Either pataday (0.2%) or patanol (0.1%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dual action allergy med
Comes as Zaditor, Alaway, Refrsh Eye Itch Relief, Claritin and Zyrtec EYE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rx dual action allergy med |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rx dual action allergy med |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nasal allergy spray that works for eye allergies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classical topical NSAID
Peripheral acting analgesic
Can be used for allergy relief (also available PF and in LS form for less sting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mildly sedating oral antihistimine
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mildly sedating oral antihistimine
1st gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimally sedating oral antihistamine
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimally sedating oral antihistamine
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimally sedating oral antihistamine
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimally sedating oral antihistamine
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimally sedating oral antihistamine
2nd gen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mildly sedating oral antihistamine
Benedryl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antihistimine/vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antihistimine/vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antihistimine/vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Immunosuppressive agent
Good for dry eye and off label for allergies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anesthetic and mydriatic
Blocks NE reuptake (indirect adrenergic)
Causes mydriasis and vasoconstriction
Used to diagnose horners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anesthetic
More sting than benoxinate or proparacaine
Contraindicated with sulfonamides
Comes in viscous sol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anesthetic
Only available with NaFl
For tono |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anesthetic
Popular in optometry
Available with NaFl.
Less sting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Preservative free amide anesthetic (if akten)
Also comes in a patch and as an injectable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cream anesthetic. Good for post herpetic neuralgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Often combined with anesthetic to decrease bleeds and systemic absorbtion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mydriatic
Direct acting adrenergic
Good vasoconstrictor, can be used for horner's and ptosis. 10% problematic with heart issues and have drug interactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mydriatic
Indirect acting adrenergic
Increases NE release from nerve terminal
Also inhibits NE reuptake
Can cause vasoconstriction. Few systemic side effects topically. May also be used in horner's. Available in paramyd (combo with tropicamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reverses dilation from phenyl or hydroxyamphetamine. Causes redness and ptosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cyclopegic
Works 7-12 days
For uveitis, accomodative esotropes or to break synechiae. Has overdose risk (hot as a hare, mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, red as a beet). 20 drops of 1% fatal to children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cycloplegic
Works 5-7 days
May be better for people with dark irides
For uveities, synechiae or an alternate to atropine. MORE toxicity risk (central).
Available as a motion sickness patch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cycloplegic
Works 1-3 days
DOC for uveitis and atropine-sensitivity. Long dilation time and poor cycloplegic potency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cycloplegic
Works 24 hours
DOC for cycloplegic refraction. Comes in a spray. Less SE in 1% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cycloplegic
Works 4-6 hours
Poor effect in a red eye. Used in combination (with anesthetic increases effect). DM patients resistent without phenyl. Less impacted by iris pigmentation, increased concentration doesn't increase dilation.
Mostly for dilation! Safe with heart probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classic topical NSAID
Peripheral acting analgesic
Acetic acid non-salicylate
Generics can cause corneal melt in sick eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New topical opthalmic NSAID (better anti-inflammatory)
Peripheral acting analgesic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
New topical opthalmic NSAID (better anti-inflammatory)
Peripheral acting analgesic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral NSAID
Cox-2 inhibitor
Peripheral acting analgesic
Ceiling effect
May increase risk of heart attack/stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral non-salicylate NSAID
Propionic acid
Peripheral acting analgesic
Ceiling effect
More effective than aspirin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral non-salicylate NSAID
Propionic acid
Peripheral acting analgesic
50 mg q4g equal to tylenol with codeine. Good for ocular pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral non-salicylate NSAID
Propionic acid
Peripheral acting analgesic
May be safer because mostly cox-2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral non-salicylate NSAID
Acetic acid
Peripheral acting analgesic
Causes corneal deposits (stromal specks and whorl-k) and retinal pigment scattering/depigmentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral NSAID
Peripheral acting analgesic
Pyrrolo-pyrrole
Strongest. Only post surgical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral NSAID
Peripheral acting analgesic
Anthranilic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral NSAID
Peripheral acting analgesic
Fenolic acid
57 hr half life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narcotic (central acting)
Modest analgesic, moderate sedative
Often combined with NSAIS and aspirin |
|
|
Term
| Acetaminophen (tylenol/APAP) |
|
Definition
Non-narcotic analgesic
Maybe central acting
Analgesic and antipyretic
Toxicity possible and causes liver,kidney and heart probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Narcotic (central acting)
Modest analgesic, mild sedative
Comes in combos with acetaminophen aspirin and ibuprofen (vicoden, lortab, vicoprofen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Central acting analgesic
Non-scheduled med .
Lower risk of abuse, interact with MAOI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-convulsant
Changes the way the body senses pain
Good for post-herpetic neuralgia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adjuvant
No direct analgesic affect but increases effect of NSAID/narcotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Peripheral acting analgesic
Anti-pyretic and anti-platelet activity
Causes Reye's in sick kids |
|
|
Term
| Doan's pills (magnesium salicylate) |
|
Definition
Non-narcotic analgesic
Less platelet activity, anti-inflammatory and GI issues than aspirin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-malarial
Treats malaria and autoimmune disorders
Causes whorl K (verticillata), glare/halos bullseye maculopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-psychotic
Causes anterior subcapsular stellate cataracts (dense 3-9 point stars), fuzzy vision, halos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cause chrysiasis (gold deposits in cornea and lens)
Look similar to agryosis (from silver), chalcosis (copper), siderosis (iron) and bismuthiasis (bismuth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to treat psoriasis/vitiligo
Are photosensitizing and cause cataracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to treat cardiac arrhythmia
Causes whorl-k (superficial, brownish similar to hudson stali line) also cause lens deposits, decrease VA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes decreased corneal sensation, ulceration, injection, and vision loss. May have associated infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
May be used for many things including JRA
Cause PSC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used for prostate issues
Cause floppy iris syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acne med
Causes corneal opacities, neo, SPK, bleph, dry eye/CL intolerance, pseudotumor cerebri, birth defects, impaired dark adaptation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to treat TB
Causes retrobulbar optic neuritis (decreased VA, color vision probs, VF loss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used for congestive heart failure
Cause snowy vision, color vision issues and entopic phenomena |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-cancer drug
Cause yellow/white refractile bodies in macular and edema, decreased VA, VF defect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cause retinal emboli (tiny, yellow/white spots resulting in occlusions and neo) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not used much anymore
Causes CME, maybe decreased VA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
For sexual arousal
Causes vasodilation. mayb be related to NAION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prostaglandin analogue
Increase uveoscleral outflow
Less redness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prostaglandin analogue
Increase uveoscleral outflow
Better for african americans
Maintains effects for 44 hours.
BAK free |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prostaglandin analogue
Increase uveoscleral outflow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amide-based prostaglandin analogue (prostanoid)
Increase uveoscleral outflow, (+/- outflow facility)
Stings more
Also available as latisse for eyelash growth |
|
|
Term
| Timolol maleate (timoptic) |
|
Definition
Beta blocker
Decrease aqueous production
Gold standard
Available PF (ocudose) and in gel. Istalol formulation is more lipophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta blocker
Decrease aqueous production
Cheaper than timoptic but brand name |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta blocker
Decrease aqueous production
Less effective but has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ( less SE on depression/cholesterol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta blocker
Decrease aqueous production
Beta 1 selective with calcium channel blocking effect/less vasoconstriction
Less IOP drop but maintains VF better |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta blocker
decrease aqueous production
longest half life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epinephrine prodrug
Acts as sympathomimetic
Decrease aqueous production
Allergy risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha 2 agonist
Decrease aqueous production
Not effective as a third med with B-blocker and CAI
For ACG and to prevent IOP spike during surgery
Allergy probs
Tachyphylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha 2 agonist
Decrease aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow (dual action)
Can cause lid redness and miosis in dim light. Available with b-blockers (combigan) and CAI (simbrinza) in combo. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CAI
Decrease aqueous production
Cannot add to latanoprost or oral CAI. Available in combo with timolol (cosopt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CAI
Decrease aqueous production
Less SE
Available in combo with brimonidine (sabrinza) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral CAI
Decrease aqueous production
More for angle closure, macular edema or as a diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral CAI
Decrease aqueous production
less SE than diamox but still many and multiple contraindications (class wide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperosmotic
Decrease IOP by osmosis
In emergency situations
Warn diabetics of glucose load
Causing vomiting! among other SE of dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperosmotic
Decrease IOP by osmosis
Safe for diabetics, IV only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperosmotic
Decrease IOP by osmosis
Not safe for diabetics
IV only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miotic
direct acting Parasympathomimetic
Increase aqueous outflow
Better in light irides
Available in gel or sol.
Ok for angle closure. For non-presbyopes SE are significant. SLUD is SE in all people (rare)
DOC for Pigment dispersion glaucoma
Available as an insert (ocusert) which operates under zero order kinetics. Also comes with timolol as combo (rare) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miotic
Direct acting Parasympathomimetic
Increase aqueous outflow
Poor penetration, more SE. Surgery only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miotic
Indirect acting long term
late stage POAG and accomodative ET |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miotic
Indirect acting long term
late stage POAG and accomodative ET and as an atropine poisoning reversal |
|
|
