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Definition
Benign Essential blepharospasm
Involuntary
Femals
6th decade
Tx Botulinum toxin every few weeks |
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Definition
Excess blinking with subsequent spasm
Occurs SECONDARY to ocular inflammation |
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Fasiculations of the orbicularis
Typically unilateral and self-limited
CC: jumping or quivering of the lid or eye
Cause: Fatigue, Stress, Medication, Alcohol
Management: Cool compresses Topical antihisatmines
GOAL: Prolong the muscle refractory period
OTC remedy Tonic water i contains quinine |
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Definition
Aberrant Regeneration
Due to trauma to the 9rd nerve
MR fibers run to the LPS
Elevation when the eye is aDducted |
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AKA Jaw winking
Congenital ptosis cases
when patient opens mouth ptosis gets better.
TX: Surgery |
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| Angioedema with urticaria |
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Definition
Occurs secondary to histamine release
Histamine triggers massive vasodilation
Characterizedby severe swelling and may also see hives
Associated with itching
TX: Antihistamines, Cool compress, Steroids possibly. |
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Definition
Wool Sorters Disease
Infection is via contact through break of skin.
You will see Preseptal Cellulitis
eschar, black to brown ulcer on lid |
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Definition
Can have primary or secondary lid lesions
Eye signs: Conjunctival chancre, madarosis, scleritis, interstitial keratitis
Tx: Penicillin |
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Parasitic infection
Characterized by hypertrophy of the lids and subcutaneous tissue
Severe edema occurs due to a surge of lymphatic fluid into the sub-q tissue
Severe allergic response to the parasite. |
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Mosst often secondary to a small pox vaccine. through direct contamination of the lid.
Can be used in warfare |
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An autoimmune response to the sun
Ocular Signs: Poliosis, uveitis, inflammatory RD
Other signs: Headache, encephalopathy, seizures, vitiligo, deafness. |
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Hereditary Autosomal Recessive syndrome
Sunlight exposure has progressive pigment changes to the skin MACULES AN SCARRING
Patients have increased risk of cancers, BCC,SCC,Melanoma, and conjunctibal malignancies |
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Definition
Swelling associated with a well-defined expanding red line
Skin trauma that is invaded by B hemolytic streptococcus
May lead to ectropion or entropion |
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Erythema Multifome
AKA Stevens Johnson Syndrome |
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Definition
Severe type IV or delayed(DTH) hypersensitivity
Causative agents are typically medication Sulfa drugs, barbituates
Young Males
Iatrogenic
Flu-like symptomes
Severe rash with perivascular inflammation and bulls eye appearance
Ocular signs: mucous discharge, pseudomembrane formation, papillary response, bullae formation, swollen crusted lids.
Management:
Electrolytes, tears, bandage contact lens, lid taping
Topical systemic steroids in high doses to reduce inflammtion and scarring
Surgery may be necessary to decrease and correct scarring |
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Term
| Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid |
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Definition
Auto-immune mucous membrane disorder in which bullae form in various mucous tissues and rupture causeing severe pain and scarring
Older Women
Similar to Eyrthema multifome
Keratinization of the cornea and conjunctiva |
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Definition
Cause: Staph but infrequently strep
Children
Macular rash on lids and face with crusted over blister like lesions (bullae)
Treatment: Topical antibiotics |
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Definition
Harbored in nerves
Frontal Nerve = lesions on upper lid and forehead and superior conj
Pthalmic division of CN V = HZO
Nasociliary involvement = Hutchinsons sign: Tip of nose involved
Tx: Oral Antivirals, acyclovir 800mg 5 times a day, topicals drying lotions, steroids, antihistamines, antidepressents, prednisone, analgesics |
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Definition
Complete absence of ocular tissue in the orbit
Related to how the optic vesicle forms
Surgeon places solid conformer in eye |
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Definition
Abnormal smallness of one or both eyes
Pure microophthalmos: Absence of all ocular defects
Nanophthalmos: Absence of ocular contents within the eye itself |
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Definition
Some or all the the sutures in the skull close too early in an infant
Main concern: Increase in intercranial pressure.
-Possible exophthalmos, Mesured from pt's zygomatic arch on each side. |
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Craniosynostosis
Premature fusion of the sagittal suture |
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Definition
Craniosynostosis
Premature fusion of metopic asuture or frontal suture
High retreating forehead. From above their forehead looks like a pyramid |
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Craniosynostosis
Premature fusion of coronal suture
Flat-head syndrome
Shortened front to back diameter of skull |
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Craniosynostosis
Premature closure of coronal and lambdoidal suture
Tower skull or high-head syndrome |
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Craniosynostosis
Premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture
flattening of back or side of head
oblique slant |
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Definition
Increased distance between the eyes
cleft palate, nose and upper lip |
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Definition
Vertical mal-alignment of the orbit (one eye is higher than the other)
Causes:
Congenital: Craniosynostosis, Orbital facial clefts
Acqured: Facial/orbital fractures, trauma, mass/tumors |
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Definition
Vertical mal-alignment of the orbit (one eye is higher than the other)
Causes:
Congenital: Craniosynostosis, Orbital facial clefts
Acqured: Facial/orbital fractures, trauma, mass/tumors |
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Definition
AD: Premature closure of cranial base sutures, orbit, and maxillary complex
Brachycephaly
Sightns/symptoms: Wide set bulging eyses, beaked nore, underdeveloped jaw, DENTAL problems (V shaped palates), Hearing loss, cleft lip/palate. Exophthalmos, Hypertelorism, V pattern exotropia, Aniridia, Blue sclera, Cataract, Ectopic lens, glaucome, megalocornea, optic nerve hypoplasia |
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AD: Acrocephosyndactly: Brachycephaly and/or oxycephaly. Severe Symemetrical syndactyly of hands and feet.
Signs: proptosis, Hypertelorism, Exotropia, Corneal exposure, optic atrophy. High cleft palate, low set ears, organ anomalies, mentally handicapped. |
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Definition
Treacher Collins OR Franceeshetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome
Sighns: Hypoplasia of the zygomatic, maxilla & mandile bone
indistinct inferior orbital margin, Conductive hearing loss.
Coloboma: part of tissue is missing (of the eyelid), and ectropian |
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Definition
Incomplete development of ear, nose, soft palate, lip, and mandible usually on ONE side of the face. 99% of organs will be underdeveloped on one side of the body. SColiosis of the spine. PREAURICULAR APPENDAGE( blobs of the tissue near the ear)
Lipodermoid, epibulbar dermoid cyst
Hearing loss |
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Definition
Unusually small mandible (micrognathia)
Posterior displacement or retraction of the tounge. Upper airway obstruction, Cleft palate, "bird face" appearance |
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| Hallermanstrieff Syndrome |
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Definition
| Dyscephaly, Dental anomalies, Structures are smaller, Hypotrichosis(not many eyelashes), Skin problems on head, bilateral congenital cataracts, Bilateral MICROHTHALMIA |
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CSF CYST
Meninges protrude through orbit |
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Definition
Neural tube defect
Sac-like protursions of the brain and meninges
CSF AND GRAY MATTER
Exophthalmos, pulsating proptosis (NO BUITS)
Anterior Vs Posterior: Supero-medial orbit affected VS defect in sphenoid bone |
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Term
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Definition
Cause: Sinus infection, Trauma, Allergies, Tumor.
Ethmoid: push eyes down
Ethmoid: Push eye out
Maxillary: Elevate and push in
Orbital: sphenoid compress optic nerve and vision loss
Symptoms: Older,l Vission loss, ephiphora, facial trauma or sinus disease....... |
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| One Eye, One orbit, no vision, nose and nostrils missing |
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Paired ocular strucres in one orbit
Failure of midline facial structure development, no nose |
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Definition
General inflammation/infection of the soft tissues of the orbit.
BEHIND the orbital septum, caused by SINUS NFECTION, orbital fracture, dental infection, orbital trauma, post surgical
Staphylococcus, streptococcus, or Haemophilus influenzae
Symptoms: Very sick, FEVER, malaise, headache, rhinorrhea, prulent nasal discharge, HASPITALIZATION, Swelling, RESTRICTED PAINFUL EYE MOVEMENTS, Dark red color
Raised IOP
DECREASED VA's
Tx: Referral out, IV antibiotics could be life threatening |
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Term
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Definition
Infection ANTERIOR to ORBITAL septum.
2o to localized infections. Normal ocular movements/ normal EOMs
No exophthalmos
Little to no VA reduction
Small Fever, less pain the orbital cellulitus
Tx: Oral antibiotic AMOXOCILLIN 500mg PO TID |
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Term
| Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis |
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Definition
Cavernous sinus that is filled with venous blood (behind the superior orbital fissures) CN 3,4,5, and 6, and carotid artery
2o to infection or trauma.
Very similar to orbital cellulitus but BILATERAL, Blue area behind ears, Cranial nerve signs, altered consciousness
Orbital Pain, Visual disturbances. Spreads via communicating veins, increased IOP, Can effect grey matter, seizures, unabler to stay awake.
Tx: Hospitalization: Broad spectrum IV antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Idopathic orbital inflammatory disease.
2o to Syphilis,sarcoid, TB
Unilateral, middle age, ABRUPT PAINFUL ONSET(Tellate Sign)
Limitation of gaze, Exopthalmos, dry eye, Decreased VAs, diplopia
Tx: Oral prednisone 60-100 mg/qqd for 2-3 weeks. benign. |
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Definition
Orbital Pseudotubor that involves EOM's
Third most common orbital disorder
Unilateral and often younger adults
Proptosis, Chemosis
EOM limited movement |
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Definition
When Orbital pseudotumor effects the orbital apex
Pt presents: Pain proptosis, Vission loss, Defects with CN 3,4,5,6, +APD |
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| Intermittent Exophthalmos |
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Definition
Popping Eye syndrome
Non-pulsatile, no bruit
Eye being pushed out of socket
Varix: congenital enlargement of venous channels |
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Definition
Bulging, pulsating eye
Eye pops out of socket, with a pulse
Will hear Bruits
Rare and painful
2o to trauma, Caused by an arteriovenous aneurysm involving the ophthalmic or internal carotid artery |
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| Carotid Cavernous Fistula |
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| Removal of the eyeball orbital contents remain |
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| Remove entire contents of the globe leaving the scleral shell and sometimes cornea intact |
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| Entire removal of the orbital contents including eyebaall, EOM, fat and connective tissue. |
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| Axenfeld-Reiger's Syndrome |
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