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Details Title: Ocular Disease Description: Sclera/Episclera Total Flash Cards: 26 Created: 01/22/2006 15:14:06	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Clinical Sign of Episcleritis Definition -Unilateral, dryness, warmth, mild pain, sensitive -Tearing, no discharge -if the episcleritis is reoccuring, there is possible underlying systemic cause such as rheumatoid arthritis or any type of inflammatory disease and the patient should be referred out for a blood work up -no intraoocular involvement Term Treatment for Simple and Nodular Episcleritis Definition Choices: 1) leave it alone 2) topical decongestant (cold compress) 3) Topical steroid (Lotemax) Term Treatment for Simple and Nodular Episcleritis Definition Choices: 1) leave it alone 2) topical decongestant (cold compress) 3) Topical steroid (Lotemax) Term Treatment of Chronic Episcleritis Definition Since this is a more chronic condition, it requires stronger treatment. It doesn't respond to the softer dose steroids, so needs to be referred to a PCP. Treat with NSAIDS, oral steroids (refer) Term Can Episcleritis convert to Scleritis? Definition NO! If you have a patient that had an episcleritis and comes back 3 months later with a scleritis then you know it is not due to the episcleritis but to something else Term Scleritis Definition -Uncommon; granulomatous inflammation -extremely painful -may lead to blindness and eye loss -choroidal vasculature -->intraocular complications: uveitis, retinitis, ON, GLC, CAT, Cornea -mostly bilaterally, but if unilateral in a few years will spread to the fellow eye -most of the time anterior Term Scleritis Symptoms Definition -painful; deep boring pain -may radiate -injection, tenderness, tearing (do not confuse relfex tearing with discharge) -photophobia -decreased vision Term I am performing the phenylephrine test. I dropped the patient with 2.5% and the eye remained red after 10 minutes. I then dropped with 10% and the eye was white after 10 minutes. What is the likely diagnosis? Definition Episcleritis Term Necrotizing Scleritis w/ inflammation Definition Necrosis/avascular patch - death of the tissue because not enough blood supply carrying nutrients to the tissue, the avascular patch is an area with blanching/whitening within the red injection. -ophthalmic emergency Term Secondary complication with Necrotizing Scleritis w/ inflammation Definition -sclerosing keratitis -cataract -hyphema -staphyloma -ectasia -secondary glaucoma Term What is seen with Staphyloma? Definition -localized thinning of the sclera -bulging of the uvea (iris, CB) -scleritis, myopia Term What is seen with Ectasia? Definition -bulging of the sclera without uveal lining Term Necrotizing scleritis w/o inflammation Definition -asymptomatic (no pain) -older females -hx of polyarticular rheumatism -visible avascular patch -no treatment Term What are the ocular signs of Posterior Scleritis? Definition -disc swelling -macular edema -retinal detachment -vitritis -choroidal folds or detachment -intraretinal white deposits Term How could you treat posterior scleritis? Definition -NSAIDS (naproxen) -oral steroid therapy -IV pulse -immunosuppressant medication Term Is posterior scleritis bilateral? Definition It will start out in one eye, but if it's systemic it can go bilateral. Term What are pigment cuffs? Definition -short anterior ciliary arteries -bluish cuff -ciliary areas of pigment where the nerves dive back into the eye, it's a bluish/brownish pigment ring Term What is osteogenesis imperfecta? Definition -inherited condition -permanent blue sclera -involves skeleton, ear, joints, teeth, skin, and eyes -3 main signs : blue sclera, deafnessm and bone fractures Term Melanosis oculi. what is it? Definition -congenital bilateral hyperpigmentation of conjunctiva, episclera, uvea and choroids. -this can just be a patch of pigment Term What is Nevus of Ota? Definition -"oculodermal melanocytosis" -which means that the skin is involved -pigmentation of periorbital skin -distribution along CNV -congenital and unilateral Term Senile hyaline plaque Definition -little patch of blue on the eye caused by gypsum (calcium sulfate) deposits Term If you see Icterus/jaundice in a patient's eye, should there be a medical concern? Definition Yes. You need to refer out for a medical examination. Term Can you have a scleral tumor? Definition No. this is due to the fact that there is no blood supply. The blood supply either comes from the choroid or the episclera Term T/F. You would see an increase in IOP with a scleral perforation. Definition False Term T/F. It is a good idea to have an MRI taken on a patient with a scleral perforation cause by a BB gun. Definition False. Term T/F. A staphyloma requires medical refferal Definition False.