Term
| relieve chest pain or pressure by dilating coronary arteries and increasing blood supply to the myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 types of antianginals? |
|
Definition
| nitrates & calcium channel blockers |
|
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Term
| act by relaxing smooth muscle layer of BV, increasing lumen of artery & increasing the amt of blood flowing through vessels which increase O2 supply to tissues |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what do calcium channel blockers do? |
|
Definition
inhibit mvt of calcium ions across cell membranes of cardiac & arterial muscle cells, resulting in less calcium available for transmission of nerve impulse
-slows conduction velocity of cardiac impulse(slightly reduces heart rate
-depresses myocardial contractility
-dilates coronary arteries & arterioles which then deliver more O2 to cardiac muscle |
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Term
| What are the uses of Nitrates? |
|
Definition
-relieve pain of acute anginal attacks
-prevent angina attacks(prophylaxis)
-treat chronic stable angina
-control perioperative HTN assoc w/ surgical procedures (IV nitro) |
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|
Term
| What are uses of Ca Channel Blockers? |
|
Definition
-treat anginal pain
-treat chronic stable angina
-treat HTN
-Verapamil-used to treat arrhythmias also |
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Term
|
Definition
HA,Dizziness,Weakness,Restlessness,Hypotension,Flushing,Rash
**usually lessen & often disappear with prolonged use |
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|
Term
| A/R of Ca Channel Blockers? |
|
Definition
dizziness,lightheadedness,fatigue,HA,Asthenia,nausea,constipation,abd. discomfort,peripheral edema,hypotension,arrhythmias,bradycardia,rash,flushing,nasal cong.,cough,
**ususally not serious & rarely req D/C of therapy |
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|
Term
| how many doses of nitrates can a pt receive in a 15 min period? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you apply a transdermal nitroglycerin patch? |
|
Definition
apply the patch to skin once daily in the morning and leave in place for 10-12 hrs,then remove patch and leave off for 10-12hrs(apply and remove @ same times daily)
-rotate sites |
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|
Term
| how are oral nitroglycerin given? |
|
Definition
tablets should be given on empty stomach
-dont crush or chew |
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|
Term
| how is Cilostazol(Pletal) given in regards to food? |
|
Definition
| given 30 min before or 2 hrs after meals, dont take with grapefruit juice |
|
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Term
| what are the actions of peripheral vasodilating drugs? |
|
Definition
asct of smooth muscle layers of peripheral BV by blocking alpha-adrenergic nerves & stimulating beta-adrenergic nerves
-inhibit platelet aggregation
-dilate vascular beds (in femoral areas) |
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|
Term
group of symtoms characterized by pain in calf muscle of one or both legs
-caused by walking
-relieved by rest |
|
Definition
| Intermittent Claudication |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the diuretic effects? |
|
Definition
| increase excretion of sodium from the body |
|
|
Term
| what are the A/R of antihypertensive drugs early in therapy? |
|
Definition
| orthostatic or postural hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Nurse should use _____ _____ w/ pt in ____ ____ each time B/P is taken |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| clonidine is available as? |
|
Definition
| oral tab or transdermal patch |
|
|
Term
| how to you apply clonidine(Catapres-TTS) transdermall patch? |
|
Definition
apply to hairless area of intact skin on upper arm or torso
-keep in place for 7 days,
-apply adhesive overlay directly over patch,
-use diff area for each application, if patch loosens before 7 days, reinforce with tape, write date patch was placed on pt and date to be removed with Sharpie on patch
**Record time and date of application on MAR |
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|
Term
| Minoxidil(Loniten) is what kind of drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nursing responsibilities for Minoxidil (Loniten) |
|
Definition
monitor HR for increase
**Report:
HR of 20bpm or more above normal rate
-raping wt gain of 5lbs or more
-unusual swelling of extremities, face, or abd.
-dyspnea,angina,severe indigestion,or fainting |
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|
Term
| how do you admin the ACE inhibitors Captopril (Capoten) or moexipril(Univasc) in regards to meals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist used for HTN emergencies? |
|
Definition
| Nitroprusside(Nitropress) |
|
|
Term
| nursing/education for antihypertensive meds? |
|
Definition
never D/C antihypertensive therapy abruptly
-dosage should be gradually reduced over 2-4 days to avoid rebound HTN
-DIURETIC- observe for dehydration & electrolyte inbalances (hyponatremia & hypokalemia) , encourage oral fluids up to 2,000 ml/daily, unless contraindicated
Tx HA if occurs with therapy w/ cool cloth on forehead, back or neck rub, relaxation techniques, analgesics |
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|
Term
these drugs bind to bile acids to form an insoluble substance that cant be absorbed by the intestine & is secreted in feces.
-there is now an increased loss of bile acids so the liver will us cholesterol to make more bile & there is a decrease in cholesterol levels |
|
Definition
| Bile Acid Sequestrants/Resins |
|
|
Term
| A/R of bile acid sequestrants/resins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you tx constipation? |
|
Definition
| increase fluid intake, eat foods high in fiber & exercise daily, possibly may need stool softner or laxative |
|
|
Term
| increase in lipids (cholesterol & triglycerides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if antihyperlipidemic drug therapy is not efffective when do you D/C the med? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors do? |
|
Definition
inhibits the manufacture of cholesterol & promote the breakdown of cholesterol
-decrease cholesterol & triglycerides
-increase HDL's |
|
|
Term
breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue w/ renal failure, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level
-Assess for unexplained muscle pain, muscle tenderness or weakness, fever, malaise |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how much aspirin can you take 30min before taking niacin to decrease flushing reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the A/R of Niacin(Nicotinic Acid) |
|
Definition
| can cause flushing of skin/sensation of warmth,severe itching/tingling, HA |
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