Term
| Physiologic Anemia of Pregnancy |
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Definition
| Plasma volume increase (50%) is greater than RBC increase (30%) which leads to decrease in hematocrit and this condition results. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Bluish, purple or deep-red discoloration of cervix, vagina, and vulva |
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Term
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Definition
| Softening of the isthmus of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| Ease in flexing the body of the uterus against the cervix |
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Term
| Subjective Signs of Pregnancy |
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Definition
Amenorrhea
Nausea and Vomiting
Excessive Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Breast Changes
Quickening |
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Term
| Objective Signs of Pregnancy |
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Definition
Goodell's Sign
Chadwick's Sign
Hegar's Sign
McDonald's Sign
Enlargement of abdomen
Braxton-Hicks
Skin pigmentation changes
Pregnancy test |
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Term
| Diagnostic Signs of Pregnancy |
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Definition
Fetal heartbeat
Fetal movement
Visualization of fetus on Ultrasound |
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Term
| Rubin's Four Tasks (LACE) |
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Definition
1. L - Learning to give of oneself on behalf of one's child
2. A - Acceptance-seeking of this child by others
3. C - Commitment-seeking and acceptance of herself as mother to this infant
4. E - Ensuring safe passage through pregnancy, labor and birth |
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Term
| Adolescent birth trends among ethnicities |
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Definition
| In U.S. teen birth rate is higher among African Americans (63.7 per 1000) and Hispanic teens (83 per 1000) than it is among white teens (26.6 per 1000) |
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Term
| Major risk factors for teen pregnancy (LAPSS - think teen moms with babies in their LAPS) |
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Definition
L - Low educational achievement
A - Age, the younger the teen is when she first gets pregnant the more likely she is to have another teen pregnancy
P - Poverty
S - sister who had a teen pregnancy OR mom who had a teen pregnancy
S - Single parent home |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of weeks since the first day of the last menstrual period |
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Term
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Definition
| Birth occurring before the end of the 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal duration of pregnancy: 38-42 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Time between conception and onset of labor |
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Term
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Definition
| Period from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| Time from birth until the woman's body returns to pre-pregnant condition |
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Term
| Preterm or premature labor |
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Definition
| Labor that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation but before completion of the 37th week of gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Any pregnancy, regardless of durations, includes the current pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| Birth after 20 weeks' gestation; infant may be born alive or dead |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman who has never been pregnant |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman who is pregnant for the first time |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman who has had no births at more than 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman who has had ONE birth at more than 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Infant born dead after 20 weeks' gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| Woman in second or any subsequent pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
T - number of term infants born (after 37 weeks)
P - number of preterm infant born (after 20 weeks/prior to end of 37th week)
A - number of abortions
L - number of currently living children |
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Term
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Definition
May increase by as many as 10-15 beats per minute at term
(**Class slide says 10) |
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Term
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Definition
Begin with the first day of the LMP
Subtract 3 months
Add 7 days |
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Term
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Definition
| Fundal height, or McDonald's rule or method, is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development. It is measured from the top of the mother's uterus to the top of the mother's pubic bone in centimeters. It correlates well with weeks of gestation from between 22-24 weeks and 34 weeks. |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Sudden gush of fluid from vagina possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Premature rupture of membranes |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Vaginal bleeding possibly caused by: |
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Definition
Abruptio placentae or placenta previa
Lesions of cervix or vagina
"Bloody show" |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Abdominal pain possibly caused by: |
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Definition
Premature labor
Abruptio placentae |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Temp above 38.3 C (101 F) and chills possibly caused by: |
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Definition
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Dizziness, blurring of vision, double vision, spots before eyes (scotomata) possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Hypertension, PIH, preeclampsia |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Persistent vomiting possibly caused by: |
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Definition
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Severe headache possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Hypertension, PIH, preeclampsia |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Edema of hands, face, legs, and feet possibly caused by: |
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Definition
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Muscular irritability and/or convulsions possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Preeclampsia or eclampsia |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Epigastric pain possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Preeclampsia, ischemia in major abdominal vessel |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Oliguria (low output of urine) possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Renal impairment, decreased fluid intake |
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Dysuria (painful urination) possibly caused by: |
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Definition
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Term
Danger Sign in Pregnancy
Absence of fetal movement possibly caused by: |
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Definition
| Maternal medication, obesity, fetal death |
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Term
| Prenatal Visits: Schedule |
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Definition
First 28 weeks' gestation: Every 4 weeks
After 28 weeks until 36 weeks: Every 2 weeks
After week 36: Every week until delivery |
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Term
Weight Gain Recommendations:
Underweight |
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Definition
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Term
Weight Gain Recommendations:
Normal Weight |
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Definition
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Term
Weight Gain Recommendations:
Overweight |
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Definition
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Term
Weight Gain Recommendations:
Obese |
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Definition
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Term
| Pattern of Weight Gain during Pregnancy |
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Definition
1st Trimester: 3.5-5 lbs
2nd & 3rd Trimesters: 1 lb. per week |
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Term
| Pattern of Weight Gain during Pregnancy with Twins |
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Definition
1st Trimester: 3.5-5 lbs
2nd & 3rd Trimester: 1.5 lb. per week |
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Term
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Definition
Comprehensive Assessment of 5 variables:
B- Breathing movement of fetus
A - Amniotic fluid volume
T - tone of fetus (extension/flexion)
M - Movement of fetus
aN - a Non-stress test
Scored as either 0 or 2 for each category. A score of 6 or less is of concern. Perfect score is 10. |
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Term
Assessment of Non-stress Test:
Reactive |
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Definition
| Two accelerations of FHR of 15 beats per minute, lasting 15 seconds or more, over 20 minutes. This is the DESIRED result! |
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Term
Assessment of Non-stress Test:
Nonreactive |
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Definition
| Does not meet reactive requirements. This is NOT good. |
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Term
| Contraction Stress Test - purpose |
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Definition
Enables identification of fetal risk for asphyxia
Fetal monitor is used
Fetal heart rate response to contractions is noted |
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Term
| Assessment of Contraction Stress Test: Negative |
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Definition
| This is the desired result. Shows 3 contractions of good quality lasting 40 or more seconds in 10 minutes without evidence of late decelerations. |
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Term
| Assessment of Contraction Stress Test: Positive |
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Definition
| This is NOT the desired result. Shows repetitive persistent late decelerations with more than 50% of contractions. |
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Term
| Assessment of Contraction Stress Test: Equivocal |
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Definition
| Non-persistent late decelerations or decelerations associated with hyper-stimulation. More info is needed. |
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Term
| Fetal Lung Maturity Values |
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Definition
L/S Ratio: 2:1 AND presence of PG correlate with 35 weeks' gestation.
L/S Ratio: Less than 2:1 and/or an absence of PG may indicate under-inflation of lungs. Risk for RDS.
LBC: Over 50,000 counts/UL is predictive of fetal lung maturity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Diabetes Mellitus
results from: |
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Definition
| inadequate production or use of insulin. |
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Term
| Diabetes mellitus pathophysiology |
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Definition
Pancreas fails to produce insulin or doesn't produce enough.
There isn't adequate carb metabolism.
Glucose doesn't enter the cells and they become energy depleted.
Blood glucose stays high.
Cells break down stores of fats and protein for energy.
Protein breakdown = negative nitrogen balance
Fat metabolism - ketosis |
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Term
| Cardinal Signs of Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
Polyuria - frequent urination
Polydipsia - excessive thirst
Polyphagia - excessive hunger
Weight loss - due to use of fat & muscle tissue for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta cell destruction, leads to absolute insulin deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
Insulin resistance OR
Insulin secretory defect |
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Term
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) |
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Definition
Glucose intolerance
First diagnosed at pregnancy |
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Term
| Maternal Risks associated with Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
Hydramnios
Preeclampsia, eclampsia
Ketoacidosis
Infections |
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Term
| Fetal-Neonatal Risks associated with Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
Macrosomia
IUGR
RDS
Polycythemia - may need dilution or transfusion at birth
Hyperbilirubinemia |
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Term
| Labor Management and Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
Maternal insulin requirements decrease during labor.
Measure maternal glucose levels q hr
Prevent neonatal hypoglycemia
Use 2 IV lines, one with dextrose, one with saline
Use the saline one for piggybacking insulin if needed |
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Term
| Anemia during pregnancy is defined as: |
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Definition
Hemoglobin less that 11 g/dL in the first trimester.
Less than 10.5 g/dL in the second trimester
Less that 11 g/dL in the third trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| Expulsion of fetus before 20 weeks' gestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Implantation of fertilized ovum in site other than uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
Sharp unilateral pain and syncope
Referred shoulder pain
Lower abdominal bleeding
Vaginal bleeding |
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Term
Treatment for EP
Medical
Surgical |
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Definition
Medical: Methotrexate
Surgical:
Salpingostomy
Salpingectomy |
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Term
| Molar Pregnancy Symptoms (Gestational Trophoblastic Disease GTD) |
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Definition
| Unusually high hCG level accompanied by severe nausea and vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) |
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Term
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Definition
| Placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment rather than the upper portion of the uterus. |
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Term
| Abruptio Placentae- Placental abruption |
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Definition
| premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall. CATASTROPHIC event! |
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Term
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Definition
Laparoscopy - if future pregnancy is desired.
Incision made in tube, embryo removed, tube is left to heal naturally without sutures. |
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Term
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Definition
Laparoscopy -
Removal of tube if there is a rupture OR future pregnancies are NOT an issue.
Leave the ovary in place if it isn't damaged. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerclage: purse-string suture is placed in cervix to keep it closed. Done in first trimester or early in second trimester. |
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Term
| PIH - Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (formerly known as Preeclampsia) |
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Definition
Elevated BP
Protein in the urine
Edema (not a diagnostic factor, but usually present) |
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Term
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Definition
BP 140/90 mm Hg or higher (usually 15 mm greater than her baseline)
1+ proteinuria
Liver enzymes slightly elevated
Edema may be present |
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Term
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Definition
BP 160/110 mm Hg or higher
Proteinuria, 5g in a 24-hr. urine collection OR dipstick is 3+ or 4+ on two random samples obtained at least 4 hr. apart.
Diastolic pressure over 100: Watch out! |
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Term
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Definition
Grand mal seizure/convulsion
May occur antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum |
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Term
| PIH Management (* BA PANIC - I think "Baby" Panic) |
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Definition
B -Bed rest
A - Antihypertensive (Procardia)- BP control
P - Protein diet
A - Anticonvulsant med: Magnesium Sulfate
N - NST daily
I - IV fluids
C - Corticosteroids (Betamethasone) to mature baby's lungs |
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Term
| HELLP Syndrome - preeclampsia with liver involvement |
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Definition
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver function tests
Low Platelets |
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Term
| Rh Alloimmunizations: Fetal and Neonatal Risks |
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Definition
Anemia
Hemolytic Syndrome
Erythroblastosis Fetalis |
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Term
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Definition
Marked fetal edema (hydrops fetalis)
Congestive heart failure
Marked jaundice |
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Term
| Magnesium Sulfate Toxicity and Antidote |
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Definition
Respirations < 12
Absent DTRs
Urine Output < 30 mL/hr
Antidote: Calcium Gluconate, slow IV push over 3 minutes |
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