Term
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Definition
Retinoids
Carotenoids
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
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Term
| Where digestion of fat soluble vitamins begins.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Releases enzymes that help further release fat soluble vitamins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most vitamin absorption takes place here... |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of ingested fat-soluble vitamins that are absorbed... |
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Definition
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Term
| How fat-soluble vitamins are transported in the body. |
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Definition
| Chylomicrons and Lipoproteins via lymphatic circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Growth and Development
Vision
Immune Function
Dermatology |
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Term
| Food sources of retinoids. |
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Liver
Fish oils
Fortified Dairy
Eggs |
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Term
| Percent of retinoids that are absorbed. |
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Definition
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Term
| How retinoids are transported in body. |
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Definition
| Bound to retinal binding proteins in lymphatic system. |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Prevention of CVD
Cancer prevention
Age-related macular degeneration
Cataracts |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin turns yellow due to high intake of carotenoids. |
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Term
| Food Sources of Carotenoids |
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Dark green and yellow/orange fruits and vegetables. |
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Term
| Enzymatic Conversion of Carotenoids |
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Definition
| Carotenoids split into two molecules of retinoids: retinal and retinoic acid |
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Term
| Location of Enzymatic Conversion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Beta-carotene
Alpha Carotene
Beta-cryptoxanthin |
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Term
| How carotenoids are transported in body. |
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Definition
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Term
Lutein
Lycopene
Zeaxanthin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Men = 900 micrograms
Women = 700 micrograms |
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Term
Vitamin A
Daily Value (DV) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Night blindness
Decreased mucus production
Decreased immunity
Eye infections
Bitot's spots
Xeropthalmia
Blindness
Poor growth
follicular hyperkeratosis |
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms disappear when megadose stops:
GI effects
headache
blurred vision
poor muscle coordination |
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Term
| Chronic Vitamin A Toxicity |
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Definition
Long term megadose, possibly permanent:
Bone/muscle pain
Loss of appetite
Skin disorders
Headache
Hair loss
Increased liver
Vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Ca and P homeostasis
Regulation of Blood Ca levels
Cell differentiation
Immunity |
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Term
| Food Sources of Vitamin D |
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
Fatty fish
Cod liver oil
Fortified Dairy and cereals
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Term
| Skin formation of Vitamin D3 (Steps) |
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Definition
1. Sunlight makes Provitamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol.
2. Sunlight converts Provitamin D3 to Previtamin D3 in skin.
3. Previtamin D3 is converted to Vitamin D3 and released into the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Vitamin that is known as a conditional or prohormone. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 80% incorporated into micelles and absorbed in SI |
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Term
| Transportation of Vitamin D2 |
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Definition
| Via chylomicrons in lymphatic system to CV system, where it is bound to a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Processed in liver where it is inactivated and travels through blood for weeks before it is reactivated in kidneys. |
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Term
| Vitamin D that is tightly regulated by the PTH and kidneys. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Vitamin D
Adequate Intake |
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Definition
Under 51 yrs = 5 micrograms/day
51-70 Yrs = 10 micrograms/day
Over 70 yrs = 15 micrograms/day |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Occurs with supplementation:
Hypercalcemia
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Term
| Side effects of hypercalcemia |
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Definition
Calcium deposits in kidney, heart and blood vessels
Narrowing pulmonary arteries and aorta
Facial changes
Mental retardation |
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Term
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Definition
Children: rickets
Adults (mostly women): osteomalacia |
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Term
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Definition
Weak, brittle bones
Bow leg and protruding belly |
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Term
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Definition
Softened bones caused by low calcium intake, low exposure to sun or repeated pregnancy with lactation.
(Bow legged and bent over) |
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Term
Two types of Vitamin E
(8 total compounds) |
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Definition
Tocopherols
Tocotrienols
Both have alpha, beta, gamma and delta forms |
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Antioxidant
Reduces Oxidative Stress |
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Term
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Definition
FOOD SOURCES:
VERY little in animal and dairy
Plant oils
wheat germ
asparagus
almonds
peanuts
sunflower seeds |
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Term
| Vitamin E loss is sensitive to... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Aid in Vitamin E absorption |
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Definition
| Bile and pancreatic enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Chylomicrons transport to liver, then incorporated into lipoproteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mostly in adipose, very little in muscle and liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| 15 mg/day of alpha-tecopherol |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Micrograms per 1 IU Vitamin E |
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Definition
1 IU (synthetic) = .45 mg
1 IU (natural) = .67 mg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Interference with Vitamin K
Hemorrhaging |
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Term
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Definition
1000 mg (natural sources)
1100 IU (synthetic) |
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Term
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Definition
Rare:
Hemolytic anemia
Nervous system damage
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Term
| At Risk for Vitamin E Deficiency |
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Definition
Premies
Fat malabsorption
Low-fat diets
Smokers |
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Term
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Definition
Menaquinones
Phylloquinones |
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Term
| Vitamin K that is made by colon bacteria and found in fish oils and meats. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most biologically active form of Vitamin K found in green leafy vegetables, broccoli, peas and green beans. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FUNCTIONS:
Blood clotting
Bone health
Reduce/Protect from Inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
80% absorbed via chylomicrons in small intestines and lymphatic system.
10% of menaquinones made in colon are absorbed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipoproteins and stored in liver. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Women = 90 micrograms/day
Men = 120 micrograms/day |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Rare:
May be associated with long-term antibiotic use or fat malabsorption. Potential for excessive bleeding.
Excessive Vitamins A and E interfere with Vitamin K production. |
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Term
| Vitamins newborns are injected with within 6 hours of birth... |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin supplements must contain 1 or more of the following: |
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Definition
A mineral
A vitamin
An amino acid
A herb, botanical or plant extract |
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