made up of fatty acids

c-c-c-c-c=O

              ^OH

natural/unnatural configurations

(h-h compared to h-c-c)

• acids that we need but can't make :
  • needed for making:
    • prostaglandins
    • leukotrienes
    • thromoboxanes

80% triglyceride, 20% water

-this stores a lot of energy

75% water, 25% triglyceride

-these can't store much energy

emulsifiers

-attempt to use mucelle

needed for making cell membranes

these are picked up by the lymph system

-80 to 90% of it is composed of triglyceride

-it's a big fat droplet

1. very dense
2. 50% triglyceride

1. very high in cholesterol and low in triglyceride
2. primary cholesterol transport in body
3. when receptors stop  working, this will float around in your blood and cause problems if there is a build-up

WBC's scavage oxidized LDL's

-overtime this forms plaque

"good" cholesterol; scavages dead cells for cholesterol to send to the liver

-females=40mg/dl

-males=50mg/dl

• Can control                             -Can't control
  • genetics                               -smoking
  • gender/age                        -diet
  • ethnicity                               -obesity/BP

• Made up of amino acids
• "r" represents different sets of molecules depending on "basic, acidic, neutral" (basic amino acid)
• an amino (2 H and N)
• an acid (C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH)

1. DNA in nucleus is transformed to RNA
2. RNA is transcribed (T changes to U)
3. The transcribed RNA is read by ribosomes and leads to protein

The three code sequence (AGC) is considered the condon.

1. Primary Structure-twists itself
2. Secondary Structure-helix
3. Tertiary Structure-helix twists
4. Quaternary structure-2 or more chains connect

Animal-70%

Plant-30%

(opposite for the world)

positive: intake>excretion

negative: intake<excretion

-would like them to be equal

1. stuctural
2. maintains osmotic balance
3. acid-base buffers
4. hormones
5. antibodies
6. transportation
7. energy pathways

Protein and energy deficiency: marasmus; skin and bone appearance

protein deficiency: kwashiokor; swollen stomach appearance

• tendency to overload kidneys with urea
• will normally occur with animal protein

7 cal/gram

1 drink=15 grams of alcohol

80 proof=40% of alcohol

Moderate=1 drink/day for women and 2 drinks/day for men

1. absorbed through stomach and  SI(more common)
2. all cells in the body are soaked by alcohol
3. ethanol converts to acetaldhyde by alcohol dehydrogenose
4. acetaldhyde converted to acetyl-CoA by acetalhyde dehydrogenase

High levels of alcohol (14 drinks/week, 7 drinks/week)

• cancer in oral cavity
• heart arrhthymias
• liver damage (cirrhosis)
• niacin, B6,  B12 deficiencies
• stomach ulcers

-Anabolic: small to large

-Canabolic: large to small

1. oxidation-reduction reactions: hydrogen oxidizes and oxygen reduces

1. glycolosis;glucose broken down into 2, 3-carbon molecules: glyceraldhyde 3-phosphate and dehydoxyacentone phosphate; glyceraldehyde is converted to pyruvate!!!

3. Citric acid cycle; acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to produce citric acid; loses 2 carbons but produce:

-4 ATP

-10 NADH+H

-2 FADH

4. Electron transport: uses the products of the citric acid cycle and synthesizes  ATP

-oxidative pohsphorylation: ADP +Pi---> ATP!!

-acetyl-CoA+oxaloacetate

-citric acid

-alpha ketoglutarate

-succinate

-fumarate

ethanol-->acelatdehyde--->acetyl-CoA

-produces energy!

1. positive=gaining weight

2. negative=losing weight

-increased muscle mass

-thyroid hormones

-growth stage

-nervous activity

Brown fat- found in babies, just for heat

BMR increases when you are really cold

-shivering and fidgeting

Height and weight tables: weight(kg)/height2(m)

Healthy-18.5 to 24.9

Overweight-25 to 29.9

Obese-30 and up

1. Food journal

2. Physical activity

3. Controlling behaviors (breaking the chain, stimulus to eat, congitive restructuring, contingency plan

4. Maintaining healthy weight (balance carbs&fat, eat breakfast, self-monitoring, physical exercise)