• Altered Nutrition: Less than body requirements
• Altered Nutrition: More than body requirements
• Altered oral mucous membranes
• Feeding Self-Care deficit
• Fluid volume Deficit
• High Risk for Aspiration
• Impaired swallowing
• Knowledge deficit
• Non-compliance

• Patients with edema or dehydration
• Patients with orders to force fluids
• Patients on fluid restrictions
• Patients receiving IV fluids or Total Parenteral Nutrition
• Patients on diuretic therapy, for example, Lasix
• Post- operative patients
• Cardiac or renal patients
• Febrile patients ( why?)
• Patients who are hemodynamically unstable or critically ill

• IV fluids, blood, tube feedings
• PO fluids all obvious fluids- water, juice, soup, coffee creamer, soda
• All foods that liquefy at room temp- Popsicles, ice cream, jello, sherbet, pudding, custard
• Ice counts as 1/2 its volume
• Applesauce, hot cereals, and custards usually are not counted as liquids.

• IV fluids, blood, tube feedings
• PO fluids all obvious fluids- water, juice, soup, coffee creamer, soda
• All foods that liquefy at room temp- Popsicles, ice cream, jello, sherbet, pudding, custard
• Ice counts as 1/2 its volume
• Applesauce, hot cereals, and custards usually are not counted as liquids.

1) What counts as output? (for I&O)

2) What is normal urine output/hour?

• Urine
• Vomitus
• Diarrhea
• Gastric suction
• Drainage from tubes

2) 30 ml/.hr

• To evaluate fluid balance
• Evaluate therapeutic gains or losses
• Weights may determine the dosage of some drugs
• The patient may be weighed prior to and/or after a therapeutic treatment