Term
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Definition
| Dietary classification of foods comprising of sugars, starches, cellulose and gum |
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Term
| What are Carbohydrates composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main source of energy in the diet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each gram of carbohydrate produces |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for what? |
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Definition
| Brain, skeletal muscles, erythrocyte and leukocyte production, cell function of the renal medulla |
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Term
| Carbohydrates are obtained primarily from? |
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Definition
| plant foods, except for lactose |
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Term
| What are simple carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| Monosaccharides & disaccharides |
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Term
| Where are simple carbohydrates primarily found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Polysaccharides like glycogen are considered |
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Definition
| Complex carbohydrates insoluable in water |
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Term
| What is an example of a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each gram of protein produces |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins are essential for |
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Definition
| synthesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance, and repair |
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Term
| Ingestion of protein maintains |
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Definition
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Term
| What is made up of protein |
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Definition
| Collagen, hormones, enzymes, immune cells, DNA, RNA |
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Term
| What is the simplest form of protein |
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Definition
| Amino acid made up of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen |
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Term
| Foods that are complete proteins |
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Definition
| Fish, chicken, soybeans turkey, and cheese |
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Term
| Foods with incomplete proteins |
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Definition
| Cereals, legumes and vegetables |
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Term
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Definition
| when intake and output of nitrogen are equal |
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Term
| Positive Nitrogen balance |
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Definition
| When intake is greater than output; is required for growth, normal pregnancy, maintenance of lean muscle mass, and vital organs, and wound healing |
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Term
| Negative Nitrogen Balance |
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Definition
| when loss is greater than intake. Such as with infection, burns, fever, starvation, head injury and trauma. Nitrogen loss is the result of body tissue destruction or loss of nitrogen containing body fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipids, the most calorie dense nutrient providing 9 kcal/g |
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Term
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Definition
| triglycerides and fatty acids |
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Term
| Fatty acids are composed of |
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Definition
| chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end and a methyl group at the other |
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Term
| fatty acids can be either |
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Definition
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Term
| The only essential fatty acid in humans |
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Definition
| Linoleum acid, and unsaturated fatty acid |
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Term
| What fatty acids are important for metabolic processes |
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Definition
| Linolenic and arachidonic acid |
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Term
| What type of fats have high proportions of saturated fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
| What fats have higher amounts of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up to 60-70% of total body weight |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism |
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Term
| Vitamin content is highest in what type of foods |
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Definition
| fresh foods that are used quickly after minimal exposer to heat, air or water |
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Term
| Vitamins are classified as |
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Definition
| fat soluble and water soluble |
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Term
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Definition
| ADEK, stored in the fatty compartments of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| C&B complex, the body does not store water soluble vitamins; must be provided in daily food intake. Absorbed from the GI tract |
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Term
| Vitamins neutralize what substances |
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Definition
| free radicals which damage the body cells and tissues and increase a persons risk for various cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| Inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| when daily requirement is 100mg or more |
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Term
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Definition
| when less than 100 mg of minerals is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| balance pH of the body and specific amounts are required to promote acid base balance |
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Term
| Interactions occur among trace elements |
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Definition
| excess in one can cause a deficiency in another |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brown rice, and other grains and herb teas |
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Term
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Definition
| only fruit, nuts, honey, and olive oil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a therapeutic diet? |
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Definition
| meal plan that controls intake of certain foods or nutrients. Used to treat a medical condition. A modification of a regular diet |
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Term
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Definition
CLEAR:
fat free broth
boullion
coffee, tea
carbonated beverages
fruit juices
gelatin
fruit ices
popsicles |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear with addition of smooth-textured dairy products such as ice cream, strained or blended cream soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 4g no added salt, 2g, 1g or 500mg sodium diets; vary from no added salt to severe sodium restriction which requires selective food purchases |
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Term
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Definition
| 300mg/day cholesterol, in keeping with American Heart Association guidelines for serum lipid reduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal and dried fruits |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear, full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, group or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter, eggs (not fried) |
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Term
| Nursing Considerations for PN |
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Definition
Verify Order
Inspect solution for break in fat emulsion
Use infusion pump to deliver constant rate
Lumen specifically dedicated for PN |
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Term
| Preventing Complications for PN |
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Definition
Monitor patient with CVC for first 24 hours
Catheter occlusion, stop infusion and flush or aspirate clot
Change TPN infusion tubing every 24 hours, do not change single container of PN for more than 24 hours or lipids fore than 12 hours
Dressing changes are sterile |
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