Term
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Definition
| primary source of energy. 4kcal/gram of energy. sugar, starches, fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| used by body for growth and repair. 4kcal/gram of energy. Made up of amino acids. |
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| clients at risk for protein deficiency |
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Definition
| elderly, prone, finances, homeless, anorexic, strict vegetarians, chronically ill, wound ulcerations |
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Term
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Definition
| storing nutrients as complex substances |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down of tissue, muscle, bone to supply energy for the body |
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Definition
| protects inner organs, aids in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. 9kcal/gram |
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Term
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Definition
| A,D,E,K. stored in body. can cause toxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| B complex and C. excess is excreted from the body rather than stored. |
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Term
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Definition
maintains skin and eyesight
Sources-Yellow and green vegetables |
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Term
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Definition
helps body absorb calcium
Sources- Sunshine, fortified milk and cereals |
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Definition
antioxidant, good for skin
Sources- Vegetable oils, nuts |
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Definition
– needed for blood clotting
Sources – Green leafy vegetables |
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Definition
helps with wound healing
Sources - Citrus fruits, broccoli, tomatoes |
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Term
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Definition
– prevents neural tube disorders
Sources – Green leafy vegetables, beef, fish, citrus fruits |
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Term
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Definition
bones and teeth formation
Muscle contraction
Sources- milk and milk products, fortified OJ, yogurt, cheese, sardines, salmon |
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Term
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Definition
component of Hemoglobin, prevents anemia
Sources- liver, meats, dark green vegetables, fortified cereals |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid found within the cells of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid found outside cells. Includes intravascular, Interstitial, and Transcellular |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid found in the vasculature (blood vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that surrounds the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids |
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Term
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Definition
– the most abundant cation in the extra-cellular fluid
Functions largely in controlling and regulating water balance |
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Term
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Definition
the major cation in intracellular fluid
Needed for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle activity
Found in many fruits and vegetables |
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Term
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Definition
mainly found in the skeletal system
Regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, neuro- muscular function, and cardiac function
Found in milk and milk products |
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Term
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Definition
) the major anion of the ECF
Regulates water balance along with Na+ |
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Term
| Factors affecting Fluid and Electrolyte |
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Definition
| age, gender, weight, lifestyle, environmental temperature |
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Term
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Definition
Low serum sodium – Na+ < 135 mEq/L
Causes- excess perspiration, excess use of diuretics, excess water replacement with drinking large amounts of water or IV D5W
Treatment – Monitor I and O and serum Na+ level, assess clinical signs and vital signs, administer Na+ IV solutions as ordered, encourage high Na+ foods |
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Term
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Definition
High serum sodium - > 145 mEq/L
Causes –decreased water intake, heatstroke, fever, excess intake of salt, overuse of salt tablets or sodium bicarb, saline IV solutions
Treatment – Monitor I and O and serum Na+ level, encourage fluids and IV solutions as ordered, sodium restricted diet as ordered |
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Term
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Definition
Low serum potassium - < 3.5 mEq/L
Causes – vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, use of diuretics, K+ free IV solutions, poor intake of K+ rich foods, alcoholics, anorexics, starvation
Treatment – Monitor heart rate and rhythm, Administer oral K+ or IV K+ as ordered, encourage K+ rich foods such as fruits and vegetables |
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Term
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Definition
High serum potassium >5.0 mEq/L
Causes – excess K+ replacement from IV or oral K+, excess K+ containing salt substitutes, renal failure, massive crushing injuries such as burns, trauma
Treatment – Closely monitor cardiac status, avoid K+ rich foods, hold K+ supplements |
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Term
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Definition
Low serum Ca++ level - < 8.5 mg/dl or 4.5 mEq/L
Causes – surgical removal of parathyroid gland, vitamin D deficiency, acute pancreatitis, thyroid cancer
Treatment – Closely monitor respiratory and cardiac status, administer oral or IV Ca++ as ordered, teach about osteoporosis prevention |
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