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FUNCTIONAL FOODS
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foods that provide health benefits beyond those supplied by the traditional nutrients they contain.
Ex: a tomato contains they phytochemical lycopene so it can be called a functional food. |
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NUTRIENT DENSITY
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| the ratio derived by dividing a foods nutrient content by its calorie content. when the foods contribution to our nutrient need for that nutrient exceeds its contribution to our calorie need the food is considered to have a favorable nutrient density |
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| a comparison of the calorie (kcal) content of a food with the weight of the food. an energy-dense food is high in calories but weighs very little where as food low in energy density has few colories but weighs a lot such as an orange. |
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NUTRITIONAL STATE
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| the nutritional health of a person as determined by anthropometric measurements (height,weight,circumfrences and so on), biochemical measurements of nutrients or their by products in blood or urine, a clinical examination, a dietary analysis and economic evaluation; aka nutrirional status |
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| failing health that results from long standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs |
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| a state in which nutritional intake greatly exceeds the bodys needs |
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UNDERNUTRITION
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| failing health that results from a long standing dietary intake that is not enough to meet nutritional needs |
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| a change in health status noted by the person with the problem such as stomach pain |
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| stage of a disease or disorder not severe enough to produce symptoms that can be detected or diagnosed |
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ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESMENT
A
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| measurement of body weight and the lengths, circumfrences, and thickness of parts of the body |
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measurement of biochemical functions
(concentrations of nutrient by products or enzyme activities in the blood or urine)
related to nutrient function |
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| examination of general apperance of skin, eyes and tongue; evidence of rapid hair loss; sense of touch; and the ability to cough and walk. |
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| estimation of typical food choices relying mostly on the recounting of one's usual intake or a record of one's previous days' intake |
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ENVIORNMENTAL ASSESMENT
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includes details about living conditions, education level, and the ability of the person to purchase, transport and cook food.
the persons weekly budget for food purchases is also a key factor to consider. |
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| rapid fall in heart function caused by reduced blood flow through the heart's blood vessels. Often part of the heart dies in the process. Technically called a myocardial infarction. |
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DISCRETIONARY CALORIES
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the calories allowed in a diet after the person has met overall nutrition needs.
this generally small amount of calories gives individuals the flexability to consume some foods and beverages that may contain alcohol, added sugars, or added fats that are part of moderate or high fat foods. |
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DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS
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| general goals for nutrient intakes and diet composition set by the USDA and the US department of Health and Human Services |
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DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES
DRI |
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| term used to encompass nutrient recommendations made by the food and nutrition board of the National Academy of Sciences. These include RDAs, EARs, AIs, EERs, and ULs |
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RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE
RDA |
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| Nutrient intake amount sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% if the individuals in a specific life stage. |
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| nutrient intake amount set for any nutrient for which insufficient research is available to establish an RDA. AIs are based on estimates of intatkes that appear to maintain a defined nutritional state in a specific life stage. |
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ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT
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| estimate of the energy (kcal) intake needed to match the energy use of an average person in a specific life stage. |
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TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL
UL |
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| maximum chrinic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in almost all people in a specific life stage. |
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| tenative explanations by a scientist to explain a phenomenon |
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| the deficiency disease that results after two weeks to months of consuming a diet that lacks vitamin C; pinpoint sites of bleeding on the skin are an early sign. |
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| the study of how disease rates vary among different population groups |
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| an explanation for a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence to support it |
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| participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested |
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| generally a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment |
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| use of animals to study disease to understand more about human disease |
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CASE-CONTROL STUDY
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| a study in which individuals who have a disease or condition, such as lung cancer, are compared with individuals who do not have the condition |
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| erosion of the tissue lining usually in the stomach or the upper small intestine. as a group these are generally refered to as peptic ulcers |
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| bacteria, virus, or other organism invisible to the naked eye, some of which cause diseases also called microbes. |
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DOUBLE BLIND STUDY
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| an experimental design in which neither the participants nor the researchers are awate of each participants assignment or the outcome of the study until it is completed. an independent third party holds the code and the data until the study has been completed |
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