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Definition
| the physical need for food |
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Definition
| the physical need for water |
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Definition
| the psychological desire to eat or drink |
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Definition
| charged particles (positive or negative ions). vomiting and diarrhea cause the loss of electrolytes from your body |
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Term
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract |
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Definition
| body area containing the organs of the digestive tract. it extends from the mouth to the anus |
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Definition
| the breakdown of foods into absorbable components using mechanical and chemical means |
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Definition
| substances that produce chemical changes or catalyze chemical reactions |
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Definition
| the interior of the digestive tract, through which food passes |
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Definition
| breaking food down through chewing and grinding, or moving it through the GI tract with peristalsis |
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Definition
| the forward, rhythmic motion that moves food through the digestive system. peristalsis is a form of mechanical digestion because it influences motion, but it does not add chemical secretions |
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Definition
| breaking down food with enzymes or digestive juices |
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Definition
| the process by which digested nutrients move into the tissues where they can be transported and used by the body's cells |
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Definition
| watery fluid secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth. saliva moistens food and makes it easier to swallow |
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Definition
| viscous, slippery secretions found in saliva and other digestive juices |
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Definition
| the throat. passageway for the respiratory (air) and digestive tracts (food and beverages) |
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Definition
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Definition
| flap of tissue that protects the trachea while swallowing |
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Definition
| tube that extends from the throat to the stomach |
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Term
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
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Definition
| a circular band of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach that opens and closes to allow food to enter the stomach |
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Definition
| digestive organ that holds food after it's moved down the esophagus and before it is propelled into the small intestine |
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Definition
| a powerful acid made int he stomach that has digestive functions. it also helps to kill microorganisms and lowers the pH in the stomach |
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Definition
| a digestive hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates digestive activities and increases motility and emptying |
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Term
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Definition
| a liquid combination of partially digested food, water, HCI, and digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| a digestive enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down protein |
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Definition
| sphincter in the bottom of the stomach that separates the pylorus from the duodenum of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| comprised of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the small intestine is the longest part of the GI tract. most of the digestion and absorption of food occurs int he small intestine. |
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Definition
| a "sloshing" motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| a constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme and enhances nutrient absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| projections on the walls of the small intestine that increase the surface area over which nutrients can be absorbed. villi are in turn covered with microvilli, which increase the surface area even more |
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Definition
| gateway between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. the sphincter prevents backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine |
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Definition
| final organ of the GI tract. it consists of the cecum, appendix, colon, and rectum |
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Term
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Definition
| waste products that are stored in the large intestine and then excreted from the body. consists mostly of bacteria, sloughed-off gastrointestinal cells, inorganic matter, water, unabsorbed nutrients, food residue, undigested fibers, fatty acids, mucus, and remnants of digestive fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| the lowest part of the large intestine, continuous with the sigmoid colon and the anus |
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Definition
| chemical substances that regulate, initiate, or direct cellular activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a greenish-yellow fluid made in the liver and concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. it helps emulsify fat and prepare it for digestion |
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Definition
| the largest gland of the body. it aids in the digestive activity and is responsible for the metabolism of nutrients, detoxification of alcohol, and some nutrient storage |
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Definition
| accessory organ of digestion that produces hormones and enzymes. it's connected to the duodenum via the bile duct |
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Definition
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| a burning sensation originating in the esophagus. heartburn is usually caused by the reflux of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus. chronic heartburn can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Term
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Definition
| formal term for "stomach flu." caused by a virus or bacteria and results in inflammation of the stomach and/or intestines |
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Definition
| sores, erosions, or breaks in the mucosal lining of the stomach |
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Definition
| small, hard, crystalline structures formed in the gallbladder or bile duct due to abnormally thick bile |
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Definition
| production of excessive gas in the stomach or the intestines |
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Definition
| difficulty in passing stools |
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Term
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Definition
| frequent, loose, watery stools |
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Term
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Definition
| swelling in the veins of the rectum and anus |
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Term
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
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Definition
| a functional disorder that involves changes in colon rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| an illness of the small intestine that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensitivity to the protein gluten, which is found in wheat and other grains. symptoms include stomachaches, diarrhea, bloating, and tiredness |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammatory bowel disease |
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