Term
|
Definition
Secretion of mucus, water, enzymes
Mechanical breakdown of food
Chemical digestion of food
Absorption of digested food
Elimination of waste products by defecation |
|
|
Term
| clincal manifestations of digestive dysfunction |
|
Definition
| anorexia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| abdominal pain causes and types |
|
Definition
mechanical, inflammatory and ischemic causes
parietal/somatic, visceral and referred pain |
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Term
|
Definition
from esophagous, stomach, duodenum
bright red or coffee ground blood
seen as hematemesis
present with melena (blood in poop) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
originates in jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum
commonly seen as melena or hematochezia |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings for Acute Massive GI bleeding |
|
Definition
decreased BP with postural hypotension
increased heart rate
light headed
increased BUN, peristalsis, diarrhea/melena
leads to blood volume depletion and less cardiac output
leads to renal failure, bowel infarction, lactic acidosis, anoxia, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
espohageal varices
bleeding ulcer
mallory-weiss tear: bleeding from tears in the mucosa at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, usually caused by severe alcoholism, retching, coughing, or vomiting. |
|
|
Term
| types of lower GI acute massive bleeding |
|
Definition
intestinal polyps
inflammatory disease
intestinal cancer
hemorrhoids |
|
|
Term
| simple (mechanical obstruction) |
|
Definition
small intestines: adhesions, hernia, intussusception (cancer)
large intestine: tumor (colorectal cancer), volvulus (twist) |
|
|
Term
| functional intestinal obstruction |
|
Definition
paralytic ilus (after surgery)
ischemic bowel |
|
|
Term
pyloric or higher
or acute obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lower or prolonged obstruction (intestinal) |
|
Definition
metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
| severe prolonged distension |
|
Definition
| either bowel wall edema, or reduced blood supply intestinal ischemia, both of which lead to peritonitis (inflammation of paritoneum) |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of intestinal obstruction |
|
Definition
Colicky pains followed by vomiting
Intensifies as a peristaltic wave of muscle contractions
Sweating
Nausea/Vomiting
Hypotension
Depends on the level and type of obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial erosion of surface epithelium
caused by NSAIDs, ETOH, histamine, digitalis
abdominal pain and epigastric tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fundal, atrophic
extensive atrophy leads to loss of chief and parietal cells
loss of intrinsic factor
can't absorb Vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
risk for gastric cancer |
|
|
Term
| chronic gastrics type B (antral ) |
|
Definition
4 times more common
associated with helicobacter pylori infections
few clinical complaints |
|
|
Term
| peptic ulcer disease and risk factors |
|
Definition
ulceration of the protective mucosal lining of lower esphagus, stomach or duodenum
smoking, age, NSAIDS, ETOH, chronic diseases, H pylori gastric infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common, occur in younger adults, type O blood
h pylori, NSAIDS
hypersecretion of acid and pepsin
epigastric pain pain-food-relief
complications, obstruction, perforation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adults between 55-65
cause: H pylori, NSAIDS
patho: defect causing increased permeability of gastric mucosa
epigastric pain, anorexia, N and V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreased mucosal blood flow to mucosal ischemia
causes either
ischemic ulcer: hrs after severe trauma, burns, hemorrhage
OR
cushing's ulcer: after TBI or brain surgery |
|
|
Term
| inflammatory bowel disease |
|
Definition
genetic predisposition
hypersensitve immune dysfunction
microbial flora |
|
|
Term
| crohns disease (regional enteritis) |
|
Definition
affects ascending and transverse colon, ileum of small intestines
associated with increase in Ts cell activity, altered IgA production
lesion appears as cobblestone fissure with ulcers
"skip lesions"
10-30 at risk, family history, jewish decent, caucasian population
abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption, anemias, abcesses, fistulas, obstructions, weight loss, risk for cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete fusion of the Nasomedial and Intermaxillary process during the second month of embryonic development (lip) or failure of the primary palatal shelves to fuse in third month of development (palate). |
|
|
Term
| cleft/lip palate risk and clinical findings |
|
Definition
more frequent in blacks, japanese
males
mutant genes or Trisomy 13
lip inentation
palate: can occur alone, difficulty sucking, infection of paranasal sinuses, otitis media, hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| defect in differentiation of esophagus and trachea during 4-6 weeks of embroyonic development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition which affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach.
drooling, aspiration, boat shaped abdomen |
|
|
Term
| tracheoesophageal fistula |
|
Definition
A tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea. TEF is a common congenital abnormality
if the fistula is between the ttrachea and distal esophagus: abdomen fills with air
if fistula is between trachea and proximal esophagus: with first feeding, aspirates, choking, intermittent cyanosis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of intestines to trasport nutrients (CHO, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals) from the lumen of the intestines to ECF fluid compartments for transport to various parts of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
autosomal recessive inherited disease of chromosome 7
abnormal expression of protein (CFTR)
interrupts normal function of channels present on surface of many epithelial cells
pancreatic enzyme deficiency
respiratory mucus plugs with chronic inflammation
abormal sodium and chloride in sweat |
|
|
Term
| pancreatic enzyme deficiency |
|
Definition
obstruction of pancreatic ducts
insulin deficiency
absense of pancreatic enzymes
malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
glucose intolerance> DM |
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