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Nursing Process
Critical thinking
58
Nursing
Graduate
06/06/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is Critical Thinking
Definition

 

An active, organized, cognitive process used 

to carefully examine one’s thinking and the 

thinking of others

 

Term
Critical Decisions
Definition

 

Responsible for making accurate & appropriate decisions

• Separates professional nurses from technical personnel.

• Test & refine nursing approaches, learn from successes and 

failures, & apply new knowledge 

• Is guided by professional standards and ethics codes.

• Improve problems in patient care.

Term
EVIDENCE-BASED KNOWLEDGE
Definition
Knowledge based on research or clinical expertise.
Term

Basic Critical Thinking

Definition

 

• Concrete based on a set of rules

• Not enough experience to individualize

• Early step in developing reasoning

• Accepts diverse opinions and values 

• Weak competencies, inflexible attitudes, restrict ability 

to move to next leve

Term

 

Complex Critical Thinkin

Definition

 

• Thinkers separate self from experts

• Analyze and examine choices independently

• Look beyond expert opinion 

• Each solution has benefits and risks

• More creative and innovativ

Term

 

Commitment Critical Thinking

Definition

 

• Anticipates need to make choices 

• Accept accountability for decisions

• Choose an action or belief based on alternatives 

• Delay an action until a later tim

Term

 

 

Scientific Method

 

Definition

 

 

• Uses reasoning

• Used by nurses when testing research questions in 

nursing practice situation

 

Term

 

– Problem identification

– Collection of data

– Formulation of a research question or hypothesis

– Testing the question or hypothesis

– Evaluating results of the test or stud

Definition
5 Steps of Scientific Method
Term

 

Problem Solving Competencies

Definition
Evaluating a solution over time to be effective
Term

 

Decision making Competencies

Definition
Focuses on problem solving
Term

 

Diagnostic Reasoning

Definition

Assigning meaning to the behaviors, physical 

signs and symptoms

Term

 

Inference

Definition

 Drawing conclusions from related pieces of 

evidence

Term

 

Clinical Decision Making

Definition

 

• Focuses on defining patient problems and 

selecting appropriate treatment

Term

 

 

 

 

1.  Knowledge base

2.  Experience

3.  Critical thinking competencies 

4.  Attitudes

5.  Standard

 

 

Definition
Five step critical thinking nursing process
Term

 

1.  Ethical criteria for nursing judgment

2.  Criteria for evaluation

3.   Professional responsibility

 

Definition
Professional  Standards of Nursing
Term
 Reflective journaling
Definition

 A tool used to clarify concepts through reflection by 

thinking back or recalling situation

Term
 Concept mapping
Definition

 

– A visual representation of client problems and 

interventions that illustrates an interrelationship

Term
Nursing Process
Definition

 The traditional critical thinking competency that allows 

nurses to make clinical judgments and take actions 

based on reason

Term
ADPIE
Definition

 

Assessment

Diagnosis

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

Term
Assessment
Definition
• Collect data
– Signs & Symptoms
– Subjective & Objective data
– Defining Characteristics
• Compare data to normal 
• This is your proof that you have a problem or 
potential problem

Term
Data collection (Assessment)
Definition

 

– Observational overview

– Structured database format example: 

– Focused AssessmentA

Term
Sources of data
Definition

– Patient

– Family and significant others

– Health care team

– Medical records

– Other records and literature

– Nurse’s experience

Term
Subjective Data
Definition

—information the patient tells you (or 

what the patient’s family tells you)

– “I have a headache”

– My husband says he has a headache

Term
Objective data
Definition

 the findings resulting from direct 

observation (what you see, hear, & touch)

– Blood Pressure 122/68

– Pt restless

– WBC 12,000

– Lungs: crackles bilaterally

Term
Methods of Data Collection
Definition

• Interview 

– An organized conversation with the patient

• Nursing health history

– Data about the patient’s current level of wellness

Term
Diagnostic label
Definition

- The name of nursing diagnosis as approved by NANDA international.

- descriptors used to give additional meaning to diagnosis. 

- ex:- impaired, compromised, decreased, deficient.

ex - deficient knowledge regarding post operative routines. (this whole thing is the label)

Term
Related Factors
Definition

- a condition or etiology, identified from client's assesment data. 

(related to lack of exposure to instruction)

Term
Actual Nursing Diagnosis
Definition

 

 

– Impaired skin integrity

 

Describes human responses to health 

conditions or life processes that exist in 

an individual, family, or community

 

Term
Potential Nursing Diagnosis
Definition

 

 

– At risk for altered skin integrity

– Potential for impaired skin integrity

 

Describes human responses to health 

conditions/life processes that may 

develop in a vulnerable individual, 

family, or community

 

Term
Wellness Nursing Diagnosis
Definition

 

Describes human responses to levels of 

wellness in an individual, family, or 

community.

 

Term
Medical Diagnosis
Definition

 

 Disease condition based on specific 

evaluation of signs and symptoms

 

Term
Nursing Diagnosis
Definition

 Judgment about the patient in 

response to an actual or potential 

health problem

Term
collaborative problem
Definition

 An actual or potential physiological 

complication that nurses monitor to 

detect the onset of changes in a 

patient’s status

Term
Altered Nutrition
Definition

 

– Less than body requirements

• intakes of nutrients insufficient to meet metabolic 

needs

Term
Constipation
Definition

 

– change in normal bowel habits characterized by a 

decrease in frequency and/or passage of hard, dry 

stools

Term
fluid volume excess
Definition

 

– increased isotonic fluid retention

Term

Altered tissue perfusion

 

 

Definition

 

– decrease in nutrition and oxygenation at cellular level due 

to deficits in capillary blood supply.

 

Term

Goal

 

Expected Outcomes

Definition
2 parts of Planning
Term
goal
Definition
 opposite of problem
Term
Expected Outcomes
Definition

 Measurable

• (must be able to see it, feel it, patient state 

it, measure it etc

Term
Goal
Definition

 

Assist to the selection of nursing interventions & 

criteria for evaluation

What does the patient want to achieve?

1. General goal statement

-Subject, behavior, time frame

2. Goal Criteria   AEB

-Measureable, observable, specific data

-Used to evaluate succes

Term
Guidelines for writing goals
Definition

 

Combining goals and 

outcomes statements

Patient centered

Singular goal or outcome Observable

Measurable Time limited

Mutual factors Realisti

Term
Achieving Patient Goals
Definition

Nurses implement care to meet patient goals.

• At times, multiple interventions may be needed.

• Priorities help nurses to anticipate and sequence 

nursing interventions.

Term
Interventions
Definition

 

• Action that resolve the problem

– Usually performed by the nurse

– Based on scientific rationale

• Includes - who, what, when, how 

– who will intervene

– what is the intervention

– when/how often is the intervention

– how the action will be performe

Term
Nurse Initiated Intervention
Definition

- independent

- actions that a nurse initiates

Term
Physician initiated intervetions
Definition
- dependent nursing interventions or actions that require an order from a physician or another health care professional
Term
Collaborative Interventions
Definition
Interdependent nursing interventions, are therapies that require the combined knowledge, skill and expertise of multiple health care professionals.
Term
Implementation 
Definition

 

• Interventions/Nursing Prescription

– Can be performed by nurse

– Can be a doctor order that you carry out

– May be performed by another health care provider

• Scientific Rationale

– Why am I doing this intervention?

Term
Implementation Process
Definition

 

-Reassessing the patient

-Reviewing and revising 

the existing nursing 

care plan

-Organizing resources 

and care delivery

-Anticipating and 

preventing 

complication

Term
Interventions
Definition

 

• 1. Sit upright

• 2. Mouth care

• 3. Suction and airway equipment

• 4. Thicken liquids & no straws

• 5. Establish visual communication method

• 6. Monitor respiratory system

Term
Scientific Rationale
Definition

 

• Explains how each action will contribute to 

resolving the problem

– Must reflect scientific principles

– Reference rationale (textbook etc

Term
Thicken Liquids (Nursing Interventions)
Definition

Thickened liquids have a slower 

transient time & allows time to 

trigger swallow reflex(Scientific Rationale)

Term

 

Provide rest periods as 

necessary during meal(Nursing Interventions)

Definition

 

Avoiding fatigue decreases the 

risk of aspiration. (Scientific Rationale)

Term
Evaluation
Definition

 

1.  Were goals met?

– State exactly what happened

– Number each outcome criteria

2.   Barriers – What prevented patient      

from meeting outcome criteria?

Facilitators – What helped patient meet  

outcome criteria?

3.   Summary

Did the plan of care work? Is it appropriate   

for this patient? Do we need to change   

anything? Do we continue as written

Term
The Evaluation Process
Definition

 

 

• Identify evaluative criteria and standards

• Collect data and Reassess - Interpret and summarize 

findings to determine if criteria were met/if not why

• Document findings and clinical judgments

• Modify - should the plan be modified, aborted or was it 

successful

 

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