Term
| advantages of hospital bsed birth settings |
|
Definition
| preregistration, easy access to sophisticated services/specialized personnel, family centered care is provided |
|
|
Term
| advantages of freestanding birth centers |
|
Definition
| homelike setting(for low risk women), lower costs, |
|
|
Term
| disadvatages of free standing birth centers |
|
Definition
| a slight but significant delay in emergency care |
|
|
Term
| advantages of a home birth |
|
Definition
| control over persons who will/will not be present, no risk of acquiring pathogens from other pts, low technology birth(important to some families) |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of home birth |
|
Definition
| limited choice of birth attendents(physicians, midwives etc.), significant delay in reaching emergency care, no preestablished relationship with physician should an emergency arise |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for home birth |
|
Definition
| previous cesarean section, malpresentaiton, multiple gestation, primipara, gestational age >40 wks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power, passage, passengers, psyche |
|
|
Term
| factors that infuluence the progress of labor |
|
Definition
| preparation, position, professional, place, procedures, people, |
|
|
Term
| forces that cause the cervix to open and that propel the fetus downward through the birht canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uterin contractions and mother's pushing efforts |
|
|
Term
| primary powers of labor during the first of the four stages of labor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uterine contractions are involuntary _ contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intesnsity and effectiveness of contractions are influenced by |
|
Definition
| walking, drugs, maternal anxiety and vaginal examinations |
|
|
Term
| contractions simultaneously _ the fetus _ as they _ the cervix O |
|
Definition
| push, downward, pull, upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increment, peak (acme), decrement |
|
|
Term
| period of increasing strength of contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| period of greatest strenght of contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the period of decreasing strenght of contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contractions are also described by their average: |
|
Definition
| frequency, duration, intensity and interval |
|
|
Term
| the elapsed time from the beginning of one contraction until the beginning of the next contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequency is described in: |
|
Definition
| minutes and fractions of minutes |
|
|
Term
| the elapsed time from the benning of a contraction until the end of the same contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| duration is described as the: |
|
Definition
| average number of seconds contractions last |
|
|
Term
| persistent contraction durations longer than _ seconds may reduce fetal o2 supply and should be reported |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the approximate strenght of the contraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fundus is easily indented with the fingertips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with mild contractions fundus feels similar to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fundus can be indented with the finger tips but with mor difficulty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with moderate contractions, the fundus of the uterus feels similar to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fundus cannot be readily indented with the fingertips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with firm contractions the fundus of the uterus feels similar to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of thime the uterus relaxes between contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| persistenc contraction intervals shorter than _ seconds may reduce fetal o2 supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the passag consists of _ of her pelvis and perineum |
|
Definition
| mother's bony pelvis and soft tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upper flaring part of pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fetus, placenta, amniotic membranes and amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
| composed of several bones separtaed by strong connective tissu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diamond shaped area formed by the intersection of four sutures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two fontanelles that are important in obstetrics |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior fontanelle |
|
|
Term
| a tiny triangular depression formed by the intersection of three sutures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main tranverse diameter of the fetal head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is measured between the pointes of two parietal bones on each side of the head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describes how the fetus is oriented to the mother's spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common fetal orientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fetus is parallel to the mother's spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fetus is at a right angle to the mother's spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transverse lie may also be called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fetuoblique lie s is between a longitudinal liek and transverse lie |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fetal atttitude is normally one of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvis first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fetal head is fully flexed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vertex presentation is most favorable because the _ of the head enters the pelvis |
|
Definition
| smallest possible diameter |
|
|
Term
| fetal head is partly extended, logest diameter of the fetal head is presenting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| brow presentation is unstable and tends to convert to |
|
Definition
| vertex or face presentation |
|
|
Term
| different breech presentations |
|
Definition
| frank, full/complete, footling breech |
|
|
Term
| fetal legs are flexed at the hips and extend toward the shoulders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| buttocks present at the cervis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common breech presentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a reversal of the cephalic presentation with flexion of the head and extremities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both feet and buttocks present at the cervis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one or both feet are present fierst at the cervix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term is used to describe how the head is oriented if the fetus is in the cephalic vertex presentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term is used to descbribe how a fetus in a breech presentation is oriented within the pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| braxton hicks contractions, lightening and increased vaginal discharge, cervical changes, bloody show, rupture of membrames, energy spurt, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| occurs when the fetus settles into the pelvic inlet and the fundus no longer presses on the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as labor progresses the cervix becomes |
|
Definition
| soft and significantly shortened |
|
|
Term
| thick mucus mixed with pink or dark brown blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| required for all other mechanisms of labor to occcur and for the infant to be born |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describes the level of the presenting part |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _stations are above the ischial spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _stations are below the ischial spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs when the presenting part reaches the level of the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when to go to the hospital |
|
Definition
| contractions, ruptured membranes, bleeding other than bloody show, decreased fetal movement, any other concern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sitting on one buttock, making grunting sounds, bearing down with contractions, stating the baby's coming, bulgin of the perineum or the fetal presenting part becoming visible |
|
|
Term
| nursing care before birth |
|
Definition
| monitoring the fetus, monitoring the laboring woman, helping woman cope with labor |
|
|
Term
| goal of fetal monitoring is to enable early detection of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FHR should be monitored every _ in the active first stage of labor and every _ in the second stage, preferably before and after a _ |
|
Definition
| 30 minutes, 15 minutes, contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baseline rate, baseline variabilty, episodic changes and periodic changes |
|
|
Term
| transient changes in the FHR that are not associated with uterin contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| transient and brief changes in the FHR that are associated with the uterin contractions such as accelerations and decelerations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the average FHR that occurs for at least 2 minutes during a 10 minute period and is averaged over 30 minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs when the FHR is less than 11 beats/min for 10 minutes or longer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of fetal bradycardia can include |
|
Definition
| fetal hypoxia, maternal hypoglycemia, maternal hypotension, prologned umbilical cord compression |
|
|
Term
| When bradycardia is accompanied by loss of _ or by _ immediate intervention is required for a favorable outcome |
|
Definition
| baseline variability, late decelerations |
|
|
Term
| a baseline FHR greater than 160 beates/min that lasts 2 to 10 minutes or longer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fetal tachycardia can be caused by |
|
Definition
| maternal fever or maternal dehydration |
|
|
Term
| fetal tachycardia that occurs along with loss of _ requires immediate action |
|
Definition
| baseline variability or late dacelerations |
|
|
Term
| describes fluctuatio or constant changes in the baseline FHR above and below the baseline in a 10 min window |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes a recording of the FHR to have a sawtooth appearance with alrger, undulations, wavelike movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reflection of an intact central nervous system and cardiac status of the fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| defined as changes of 6 beats/min to 25 beats/min from baseline FHR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs when there are more than 25 beats of fluctuation over the FHR baseline and it can indicate cord prolapse or maternal hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| moderate variability indicates |
|
Definition
| good oxygenation of the CNS and fetal well being |
|
|
Term
| marked variability can indicate: |
|
Definition
| cord prolapse or maternal hypotenstion |
|
|
Term
| less than 6 beats/min change from baseline for a 10 minute period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absent variability is usually caused by |
|
Definition
| uteroplacental insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| absent variability can be caused by |
|
Definition
| maternal hypotension, cord compression, or fetal hypoxia |
|
|
Term
| nursing interventions for marked or absent variability |
|
Definition
| positioning mother on side(right), increasing regular iv flow rate, administering o2 @8-10L by mask |
|
|
Term
| changes in the FHR that are not associated with uterine contractions, they are brief and quickly return to baseline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temp changes in the baseline rate associated with uterin contractions that quickly return to baseline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accelerations and decelerations |
|
|
Term
| temporary, abrupt rate increases of at least 15 beats/min above the baseline FHR that last 15 sec but less than 2 minutes from onset to return to the baseline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accelerations suggests a fetus that is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| accelerations are also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an acceleration that lasts 2 to 10 minutes is considered a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an accelerations that lasts longer than ten minutes may be considered a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| temporary gradual rate decreases during contractions no more than 40 min below baseline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the peak of deceleration occurs at the same time as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early decelerations are caused by |
|
Definition
| compression of the fetal head |
|
|
Term
| is considered a reassuring sign of fetal well being |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abrupt decreases of 15 beats/min below baseline lasting 15 seconds to 2 minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| variable decelerations suggest |
|
Definition
| umbulical cord is being compressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than 30 secs, and less than 80 beats below baseline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than 80 beats below baseline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than 70 beats below baseline for more than 60 seconds |
|
|
Term
| begin after the beginning of the contraction and do not return to the baseline FHR until after the contraction ends |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| late decelerations suggest |
|
Definition
| placent is not delivering enough 02 to fetus |
|
|
Term
| late decelerations less than 15 beats/min below baseline are a _ response to _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| late decelerations >45 beats/min below baseline suggest |
|
Definition
| placental aging or fetal heart depression (ominous sign) |
|
|
Term
| late decelerations that are accompanied by _ are nonreassuring and require immediate intervention by the health care provider |
|
Definition
| decreased and absent variability |
|
|
Term
| abrupt FHR decereases of at least 15 beats/min from baseline that last longer than 60 seconds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prolonged decelerations are caused by an interruption of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decelerations that occur in more than 50% of uterine contractions within a 20 minute periond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deceleratiosn that occur in less than 50% of uterine contractiosn within a 20 minute period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sinosoidal pattern may be caused by a response to medications such as |
|
Definition
| meperidine, butorphanol, may also be caused by fetal anemia |
|
|
Term
| the purpose of FHR monitoring is to assess the adequacy of |
|
Definition
| oxygenation and uterine activity during labor |
|
|
Term
| corrective actions to restor oxygenation to fetus |
|
Definition
| position changes, administer oxygen, administer IV fluids, correct hypotension, implement measures to reduce uterine activity, implement amnioinfusion, use altered pushing and breathing techniques |
|
|
Term
| involves instilling a saline infusion by catheter into the uterine cavity to restor amniotic fluid volume to relieve umbilical cord compression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| < 5 in a 10 minute period for 30 minutes |
|
|
Term
| stage 2 of labor begins when |
|
Definition
| the cervix is fully dilated |
|
|
Term
| neded to assist in blood clotting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one single does of vitamnin k is injected inot the |
|
Definition
|
|
