Term
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Definition
1.
Eliminates Wastes and toxic substances
2. Regulates circulating fluids ADH and Aldosterone
3. Regulates Electrolytes Sodium, Potassium, Chloride and Phosphate
4. Maintains Acid Base Imbalance by Generating or Eliminating H+ Ions and Bicarbonate HCO3
5. Secrets Ammonia- NH3
6. Regulates Blood Pressure
7. RBC production
8. Changes Vitamin D to more active form affeting calcium absorption from GI tract and P |
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Term
| Regulation of Blood Pressure by Kidneys |
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Definition
| When blood pressure is low a juxtaglomerular cells secret 82enin which converts to angiotensin which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone Which is a potent vasocontrictor and Increased Blood pressure |
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Term
| RBC Production by Kidneys |
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Definition
| Decreased blood flow to the kidneys or anemia makes the kidneys secrete erythropoeitin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBCs |
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Term
Pathology of Renal Failure
4 A's |
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Definition
Acidosis (Metabolic)
Aleterd Electrolytes (K, NA, Ca, Mg, P)
Anemia (Decreased Erythropoetin)
Azotemia (Increase BUN/Creatine) |
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Term
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Definition
Kidneys have rich blood supply receive 20-25% of total cardiac output
Renal Blood flow per minute varies from 100-1300ml/min |
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Term
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Definition
The functional working unit of the kidney and it is here that urine is formed from blood.
1 million nephrons per kidney and each makes urine from blood |
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Term
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Definition
These cells produce and store renin. Which is a hormone that regulates blood flow, GFR and blood pressure
Renin secreted when sensing cells in the DCT sense changes in blood volume and pressure |
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Term
| Which 3 substances are not found in the urine |
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Definition
| Blood, Protein and Albumin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The maximum renal threshold for Glucose in kidneys is 220mg/dl. This means that the blood glucose level of 220 or less is reabsorbed and returned to the blood. with no glucose present in final urine
When greater then 220 some glucose stays in filtrate and is present in urine |
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Term
| Hormones produced by Kidney |
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Definition
Renin- Assists in blood pressure control formed and released when theres decrease in blood flow, blood volume or blood pressure or when too little sodium present in blood
Prostaglandins- produced regulate glomerular filtration, kidney vascular resistance & renin production.
Bradykinin- released by kidneys in response to presence of Angiotensin II, prostaglandins and ADH. These maintain kidney blood flow even when other conditions cause vasocostriction
Erythropoeitin- Produced and released in response to decreased oxygen tension in renal blood supply. Triggers RBC production in bone marrow. When kindey is non functional erythropoeitin decreases and person becomes anemic
Vitamin D Activation- Converted through active form in kidney. Needed to absorb Calcium in GI Tract and regulate calcium balance |
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Term
Kidney Lab Tests
Creatinine |
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Definition
Serum Creatine- produced when protein or muscle breaks down. Filtered in kidneys excreted in Urine Good Indicator of Kidney Function
Value: 0.6-1.2
** No other condition but renal disease increase Creatinine Levels** |
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Term
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Definition
measures renal excretion of urea nitrogen by product of breakdown of protein in liver. kidneys filter BUN and excrete as waste product
**Elevated BUN highly suggestive of Kidney dysfunction**
Value: 10-20 |
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Term
Kidney Lab Tests
Bun/Creatine Ratio |
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Definition
BUN higher then Creatine- Dehydration
BUN and Creatinine Increased- Renal Dysfunction |
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Term
Kidney Lab Tests
Blood Osmolarity |
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Definition
Measure of overall concentration of particles in blood.
Value: 285-295 mosM/L
When osmolarity decreased below 285 ADH release is inhibited causing water to be excreted not reabsorbed and osmolarity rises
When osmolarity increases ADH released and increased water reabsorption lowering osmolarity |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein such as Albumin is not normally present in urine. Levels greater than 300mg/24 hours are abnormal |
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Term
Kidney Lab Tests
Microalbuminuria |
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Definition
Presence of albumin in urine
Value 2.0-20
Higher levels indicate kidney disease especially in patients with Diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
ADH known as vasopressin and affects arteriole constriction. which alters blood pressure.
ADH released from Posterior Pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
Released from Adrenal Cortex
Promotes sodium reabosrption and potassium secretion in DCT and CD water and cholride follow sodium movement |
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