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NURS 105 EMCC exam 3
NURS 105 EMCC ACID BASE & FLUID and ELECTROLYTES
30
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2011

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Cards

Term

-What is CO2

 

 

Definition

~The byproduct of respiration, acid in the blood

~The respiratory componenet of the blood gas analysis

 

Term

-What is  Bicarbonate's (HCO3

role in the body?

 


Definition

-A base that acts as a buffer in the blood

-The metobolic componenet

in the blood gas analysis

Term

-What does PaO2 mean?

- & whats the normal range?

Definition

~ Normal= 80 - 100

-Important in determining O2 status, but not

necessary to determine ABG status

-Indicates if the patient has hypoxia

 


Term

Respiratory Acidosis

-PH, PCO2, HCO3 levels

 

Definition

PH < 7.35

PCo2 > 45

HCO3 22-26 (stays the same)

Term
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis
Definition

~Respiratory depression: narcotics, drug overdose

~Respiratory Muscle Paralysis: spinal chord injury

~Chest wall disorders: Pnuemothorax

~Lung disorders: CHF, COPD, Pnumonia

-potassium (k) is usually involved

-Hypoventilation

 

 

Term

Respiratory Alkalosis

PH, PCO2, HCO3 levels

Definition

- PH > 7.45

- PCO2 < 35

- HCO3 22-26 (stays the same)

Term
What causes Respiratory Alkalosis
Definition

~Psychogenic: Fear, Pain, Anxiety

~CNS stimulation: Brain injury, early ASA overdose

~Hyper metabolic state: Fever

~Hypoxia: Pilmonary embolism, high altitide

~Mechanical Over ventilation: rate set to fast

~Hyperventilation

Term

Metabolic Acidosis

Ph, PCO2, HCO3 levels

Definition

- PH < 7.35

- PCO2 35-45 (stays the same)

-HCO3 < 22

Term

What causes Metabolic Acidoses

 

Definition

-Starvation

-Renal failure

-Diarrhea

-Ingestion of acid: ASA overdose, oral antifreeze

Term
What causes Metabolic Alkalosis?
Definition

~Large losses of gastric contents: vomiting, NG suction

~Loss of Potassium- Diarrhea, vomiting

~Ingestion of large amounts of bicarb: Antacids, resuscitation, baking soda

Term

-What does SaO2 (oxygen saturation) measure

-What is a normal level

Definition

-Measures the % of O2 bound to hemoglobin

-normal = >95%

Term

normal PH value (7.35-7.45) in ABG interpretation

indicates Compensated or uncompensated

Definition

Compensated

 

~PH within normal ranges (7.35-7.45) is compensated

~PH that is abnormal is uncompensated

Term

Normal Values for ABGs

PH, PaCO2, HCO3, PaO2

Definition

~PH: 7.35-7.45

~PaCO2: 35-45

~PaO2: 80-100

~HCO3: 22-26

 

Term

What mechanisms in the body regulate

fluid volume and electrolyte concentrations?

Definition

-The release or inhibition of antiduiretic hormone (ADH)

-The release of atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)

-The renin-angiotension-aldosterone system

Term

Sighns and Symptoms of hypovolemia

Fluid depletion/Dehydration

Definition

•Dry tongue

•Cool hands or feet

•↓cap refill

• ↓Blood pressure

• ↑increased pulse

• ↑ Temperature

• Rapid, weak respirations

• Urine: dark in color

Stool: dry

poor skin turgor

Sleepy

 

Term

Sighns and symptoms of hypervolemia

Fluid overaload/overhydration

Definition

•Wheezy dry cough

•Leg/ankle edema

•Breathlessness

•Pulmonary edema

•Moist cough

•Pale cool skin

• ↑ blood pressure

• ↑ pulse/bounding

•Anxious

•Urine:light in color

Stool:bulky

 

Term

What are Electrolytes &

what are they responsible for

Definition

-Minerals that are present in all body fluids

Regulate fluid balance & hormone production

• Strengthen skeletal structures

• Metabolism of nutrients

• Act as catalysts in nerve response,

& muscle contraction

Term

-What is the normal value of Sodium (Na+)

-What are Na+ associated with

&

-Where is it found in the body


Definition

-Normal value 135-145

-Associated with fluid volume imbalance

-Major ecectrolyte found in the ECF

Term

What are the hormones that regulate

Sodium (Na+) balance

 

Definition

•Aldosterone

•ADH antidiuretic hormone

•Renin

•ANP

 

Term

What are the causes of Hyponatremia

 

Definition

• ↑Sodium (Na+) excretion

•Inadequate or ↓ Na+ intake

•Dilution of serum Na+ (↑H20 intake)

excessive GI loss

Advanced renal disorder

•Diuretics

• <135mEq/L Na+ serum levels

Term
What are the causes of Hypernatremia?
Definition

•↓ Sodium (Na+) extretion

• ↑ Na+ intake

• ↓ H20 intake

• ↑H20 loss

• >145 mEq/L Na+ levels

 

Term
What are the functions of calcium (Ca2)
Definition

•Transmission of nerve impulses

•Myocardial contractions

•blood clotting

•Formation of bones & teeth

•Muscle contractions

Term

-What are the normal values of Potassium (K+)

- What does K+ affect, and happens with deficit

Definition

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

~ Affects every body system

~A deficit could be life threatening

~A lab value that should be looked at every day

with every patient..think CARDIAC

Term
What causes Hypokalemia?
Definition

•Total body Potassium (K+) loss

• ↓ K+ intake

• Movement of K+ from extracellular fluid

to intracellular fluid

• Dilution of serum potassium

• < 3.5 mEq/L of K+

Term

Signs & Symptoms of Potassium (K+) deficit

A SIC WALT ↓

Definition

Alkalosis

 

Shallow breathing                   

Irritability

Confusion, drowsiness

 

Weakness, fatigue

Arrythmias, irregular rate, Tachycardia

Lethargy

Thready pulse

 

↓ Intestinal Motility, N/V, ileus

Term
What are the causes of Hyperkalemia?
Definition

•Excessive potassium (K+) intake: overmedicating w/ OTC

•↓ K+ excretion

• Movement of K+ from intracellular fluid

to the extracellular fluid

Term
Sighns and symptoms of Hyperkalemia?
Definition

- Muscle twitching→Cramps→Parestesia

- Irritability & Anxiety

 -Dysrhythemias, Irregular Rythm

- Abdominal cramping

- Diarrhea

 -↓ Blood pressure

Term

What are the normal values of Calcium (Ca+)

Serum level

Ionized level

-how does Ca+ effect nerves?

Definition

Serum levels

4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L

Ionized Ca+ level

8.5 - 10 mg/dL

 

~Calcium (Ca+) exerts a sedative effect on nerves

Term
What is Calcium (Ca+) important for?
Definition

-Neuromuscular transmission

-Contraction of muscles

-Blood clotting

-Bone & tooth construction

-Cell membrane function

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