Term
| BENCLAMETHOSONE *VANCENASE* |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
Most effective asthma drug
Dec inflammation, edema, mucous production
Long term therapy
Not given PRN
Chronic use will dec immunity, bone density and cause adrenal suppression
Abruptly stopping can suppress a child's growth
Candida, a yeast infection in the mouth
Used as an inhalation for asthma and COPD |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
Most effective asthma drug
Dec inflammation, edema, mucous production
Long term therapy
Not given PRN
Chronic use will dec immunity, bone density and cause adrenal suppression
Abruptly stopping can suppress a child's growth
Candida, a yeast infection in the mouth
Used as an inhalation for asthma and COPD |
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Term
| FLUTICASONE *FLOVENT, FLONASE* |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
Most effective asthma drug
Dec inflammation, edema, mucous production
Long term therapy
Not given PRN
Chronic use will dec immunity, bone density and cause adrenal suppression
Abruptly stopping can suppress a child's growth
Candida, a yeast infection in the mouth
Used as an inhalation for asthma and COPD |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
Most effective asthma drug
Dec inflammation, edema, mucous production
Long term therapy
Not given PRN
Chronic use will dec immunity, bone density and cause adrenal suppression
Abruptly stopping can suppress a child's growth
Candida, a yeast infection in the mouth
Dry nose, epitaxsis (nose bleeds), itching, burning, if patient is congested tx is not as effective |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
Most effective asthma drug
Dec inflammation, edema, mucous production
Long term therapy
Not given PRN
Chronic use will dec immunity, bone density and cause adrenal suppression
Abruptly stopping can suppress a child's growth
Candida, a yeast infection in the mouth
Dry nose, epitaxsis (nose bleeds), itching, burning, if patient is congested tx is not as effective |
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Term
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Definition
Leukotriene Modifier
Promote constriction, mucous production, edema
Blocks synthesis of leukotrienes, for patients over 12 years of age, hepatotoxic, may increase coumadin levels and theophyline |
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Term
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Definition
Leukotriene Modifier
Promotes bronchoconstriction, mucous production, edema
Blocks receptor sites for leukotrienes, over patient over a year old
Prevents exercise induced bronchospasms or relief of seasonal allergies (rhinitis)
Not immediate acting and not hepatotoxic |
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Term
| CROMOLYN *NASALCROM, INTAL* |
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Definition
NASALCROM:intranasal, allergic rhinitis
INTAL: inhalation, bronchoconstriction, use regularly, no quick relief, not a bronchodilator, prevents release o histamine |
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Term
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Definition
Methylxanthine
Causes bronchodilation
Given PO
Used for chronic stable asthma
Decreases frequency and severity of attacks
Very narrow therapeutic range with no standard dose
Toxicity causes N/V/D, untreated can result in V FIB and seizures |
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Term
| ALBUTEROL *PROVENTIL, VENTOLIN* |
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Definition
Beta 2 Blocker
Short Acting
Promotes dilation of smooth muscle in the lungs, suppress histamine release, increase cillary movement
Peak at 30 to 60 minutes and last 3 to 5 hours
Used to abort an attack but not efective for long term therapy
Given as an inhalation and are PRN
Can increase heart rate and cause tremors |
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Term
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Definition
Beta 2 Blocker
Short Acting
Promotes dilation of smooth muscle in the lungs, suppress histamine release, increase cillary movement
Peak at 30 to 60 minutes and last 3 to 5 hours
Used to abort an attack but not efective for long term therapy
Given as an inhalation and are PRN
Can increase heart rate and cause tremors |
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Term
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Definition
Beta 2 Blocker
Long Acting
Given orally and on a fixed schedule
Ususally given with a steroid |
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Term
| FLUTICASONE/SALMETEROL *ADVAIR* |
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Definition
Beta 2 Blocker
Combo Drug
Pairs a steroid and a beta 2 blocker
Promotes bronchodilation
Not given in an acute situation |
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Term
| CHLORPHENTRAMINE *CHLOR-TRIMETON* |
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Definition
Oral Antihistamine
First Generation
Sedation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation
Relieves rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
| DIPHENHYDRAMINE *BENEDRYL* |
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Definition
Oral Antihistamine
First Generation
Sedation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation
Relieves rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Oral Antihistamine
First Generation
Sedation, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation
Relieves rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Oral Antihistmine
Second Generation
Unlike first generation there is no sedation efects
Relieves runny nose, sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Oral Antihistmine
Second Generation
Unlike first generation there is no sedation efects
Relieves runny nose, sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Oral Antihistmine
Second Generation
Unlike first generation there is no sedation efects
Relieves runny nose, sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
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Definition
Oral Antihistmine
Second Generation
Unlike first generation there is no sedation efects
Relieves runny nose, sneezing, nasal itching, but not congestion |
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Term
| PHENYLEPHRINE *NEOSYNEPHRINE* |
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
Decongestants
Used for allergic rhinitis
Decrease nasal congestion by vasoconstriction, leads to shrunken, swollen membranes
OTC
Since these meds cause systemic vasoconstriction they should not be given to heart patients
Should only be used 3 to 5 days, if rebound congestion occurs may need a steriod |
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Term
| PSEUDOEPHEDRINE *SUDAFED* |
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
Decongestants
Used for allergic rhinitis
Decrease nasal congestion by vasoconstriction, leads to shrunken, swollen membranes
OTC
Since these meds cause systemic vasoconstriction they should not be given to heart patients
Should only be used 3 to 5 days, if rebound congestion occurs may need a steriod
Can be converted to meth |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
Decongestants
Used for allergic rhinitis
Decrease nasal congestion by vasoconstriction, leads to shrunken, swollen membranes
OTC
Since these meds cause systemic vasoconstriction they should not be given to heart patients
Should only be used 3 to 5 days, if rebound congestion occurs may need a steriod |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetics
Anticholinergic
Block receptor sites in bronchi and cause dilation, not a bronchodilator
Used for COPD, not meant for asthma
Dry mouth, irritation of membranes, watch for a peanut allergy |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetic
Anticholinergic
Inhalation only
Last 24 hours, onset in 30 min, peak in 3 hours
Causes dry mouth
Given as a dry powder inhaler |
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Term
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Definition
TB
Given 6 to 9 months
Bacterostatic
Liver Damage, peripheral neuropathy due to low vitamin B6
Give Vitamin B6 with this drug |
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Term
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Definition
TB
Bacterosidal
Take on empty stomach
Hepatotoxic, has yellow/orange discoloration to skin and body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
TB
Bacterocidal
Hepatotoxic, increases uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
TB
Bacterialstatic
Used for resistant TB
Optic neuritis, blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, increase in uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Penicillin
Generic
Active against most gram positive bacteria
Most gram negative are resistant
Can be given IV or IM |
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Term
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Definition
Penicillin
Broad spectrum
IV
SE: bleeding from disruption of PLT function |
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Term
| PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM *ZOSYN* |
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Definition
Penicillin
Inhibits beta lacatamese so piperacillin can work |
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Term
| AMOXICILLIN/CLAVULANATE *AUGMENTIN* |
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Definition
Penicillin
Inhibits beta lactamese and lets amoxicillin work
Broad spectrum
SE: rash, diarrhea R/T wiping out flora |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalosporin
First
Given IM IV |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalosporin
Second
PO
Not for an active infection
Given more so to a surgical patient |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalosporin
Second
PO
Not for an active infection
Given more so to a surgical patient |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalosporin
Third
Do not give with calcium
Cannot have LR solution hanging as a primary
For a severe infection
IM or IV |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalosporin
Fourth
Severe Infections
IM or IV |
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Term
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Definition
Carbapenem
Broad spectrum
Given IV
Binds to PBP, resistant to many BL can penerate gram negative envelope
Causes N/V/D |
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Term
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Definition
Only for serious infections
No beta lactum ring
Does not bind to PBP
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Given IV or PO if for a GI infection
Use: C.Diff, MRSA, Allergies to penicillin
Watch for kidney failure, ototoxic, red man syndrome
Monitor peaks and troughs |
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Term
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Definition
Beta lactum ring
Binds to PCN proteins
Highly resistant to BL
ONLY used for gram negative aerobic bacteria
Given IM or IV
Eliminated by kidneys
Watch for pain at the injection site |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Bacteristatic
Inhibits protein synthesis
Use: Chlymdia, lyme's disease, h.pylori
Can stain teeth yellow to brown color
Avoid with dairy products
Photosensitive
Yeast infections
SHORT ACTING, take on empty stomach
No not give to renal patients |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Bacteristatic
Inhibits protein synthesis
Use: Chlymdia, lyme's disease, h.pylori
Can stain teeth yellow to brown color
Avoid with dairy products
Photosensitive
Yeast infections
LONG ACTING, can be given with food
If given as a liquid, with a straw to avoid contact with teeth |
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide
Use: H. Pylori, Respiratory Tract Infections
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Interacts with Coumadin and theiopline
Alternative to PCN |
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic
Alt to PCN
Use: Respiratory tract infections, chlymdia
Take on empty stomach
QT prolongation
Avoid antidysrhythmics and Calcium channel blockers |
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Term
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Definition
Used against gram positive and negative anaeorbic bacteria
Inhibit protein synthesis
Uses: Group A strepococcal infections, C.Diff |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibit protein synthesis
For vented patients
Use: Multidrug resistance
Mylosuppression, decreased WBC, RBC, PLT |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside
Bacterisidal
Causes the bacteria to make abnormal proteins
Only given IV
Given PO for C. Diff
Toxic to ear and kidney
Monitor peaks and troughs |
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Term
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Definition
Fluroquinolone
Disrupts DNA replication and cell division
Used for an infection within body, pharnix or vaginal membrane
Causes patient to be dizzy, confusion
Achilles tendon ruptures due to it disrupting the integrity of the cartilage
Avoid Ca, Fe, Mg, Al |
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Term
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Definition
Fluroquinolone
Disrupts DNA replication and cell division
Used for infections
Causes dizziness and confusion
Avoid with Ca, Al, Mg, Fe
Signs of inflammation, stop med |
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Term
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Definition
Used for protozoal and anaerobic bacteria
Taken up by cell then breaks down DNA
Use: C. Diff, Abdominal and vaginal surgeries, h. pylori
Gives a metallic taste
Darkens urine
Avoid alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
Anti Fungal
Broad spectrum
IV only
Binds to erosteral rings (cholesterol in host)
Last resort
Can premediate with Benadryl
Avoid other nephrotoxic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Azole
Broad Spectrum antifungal
Can be given PO
Does cause cardiosuppression
Decreases ejection fraction and negative inotrope, liver injury |
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Term
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Definition
Azole
Broad Spectrum antifungal
Can be given PO
Does cause cardiosuppression
Decreases ejection fraction and negative inotrope, liver injury |
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Term
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Definition
Azole
Broad Spectrum antifungal
Can be given PO
Does cause cardiosuppression
Decreases ejection fraction and negative inotrope, liver injury |
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Term
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Definition
Disrupts fungal site wall
Given IV
Watch for phlebitis at the site
Candida |
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Term
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Definition
Antiviral
Only active againt Herpes I and II, chicken pox, shingles
Nephrotoxic if given IV
Poor topical, but few side effects |
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