Term
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Definition
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucose , Fructose, Galactose |
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Term
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Definition
| Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Oligosaccharides (3-10 units) |
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Definition
| Raffinose, Stachyoses, Verbascose |
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Term
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Definition
| Starch (a1-4), Glycogen, Cellulose (b1-4) |
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Term
| Enzymes only digest ___ form of saccharides. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Amalose a1-4, Amalopectin, a1-4, 1-6 |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth: a-amalyase ==> Dextrin. Stomach :Nothing. SI: Pancreatic a-amalyase ==>Maltose. Brush Border: Maltase ==>Glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth: a-amalyase ==> Dextrin. Stomach :Nothing. SI: Pancreatic a-amalyase ==>Maltose+Limited Dextrins (isomaltose). Brush Border: Maltase+a-dextrinase ==>Glucose |
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Term
| Glut can be ___ or ___ diffusion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ACTIVE- into cell of glucose and Galactose |
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Term
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Definition
| Erthrocytes, bloood brain barrier, placenta, fetal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver, pancreatice b cells, kidney, SI Low affinity TRANSPORTER |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin Regulated, Muscle and Adipose |
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Term
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Definition
| for FRUCTOSE, intestine, testis,kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in blood glucose in 2 hr period |
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Term
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Definition
| GI x g of CHO in 1 serving |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates uptake of Glucose, FFA, and AA.
Storage of CHO, Lipids, and protein.
Increases synthesis of Glyocogen, lipids, and protein.
Inhibits: breakdown of glycogen, lipids, and protein. |
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Term
| Insulin/IGF1 receptors stimulate a tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates -OH of Tyr. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogen cleaved by GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE and becomes Glucose 1-P. PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE converts G1P to G6P which can undergo glycolysis or IF ONLY IN THE LIVER , gluconeogenisis |
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Term
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Definition
| GLucose interacts with Hexokinase(muscle)/GLucokinase(liver) and gets dephosporylated to G6P (for either glycolysis or Glycogenosis). PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE converts G6P to G1P. UTP activates G1P to UDP Glucose. Glycogenin primer makes GLYCOGEN. |
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Term
G6P can enter
G1P can enter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uses non CHO sources.
LACTATE USED |
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Term
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Definition
| Pentose Phosphates, Reduced consubstrate NADPH (2) |
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Term
| In Glycolysis, G6P gets converted to FRuctose 6 Phosphate. _______ enzyme converts that into Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate |
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Definition
| PFK1 - Phospho Fructo Kinase 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts G6P to GLucose ONLY IN LIVER |
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Term
| Fructose metabolized mainly by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Fructose undergoes Hexokinase to make |
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Definition
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Term
| Fructose also undergoes Phosphorylation into Fructose 1 -phosphate which is converted by |
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Definition
| FRUCTOSE 1 PHOSPHATE ALDOLASE which feeds to make Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. |
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Term
| Fructose Intolerance effects |
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Definition
| F1P ALDOLASE. Short term effects due to F1P buildup is ATP used up. Glycogenolysis is ATTENUATED. Long term effects due to F1P buildup==> fatty liver, hypolipidemia. |
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Term
| NON CHO sources for Gluconeogenisis |
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Definition
From Adipose-Glycerol
From RBC-Lactate (from Cori Cycle)
Muscle-Lactate and Alanine (NO G6P-ASE) |
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Term
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Definition
| GLucose ==> G6P==>Gluconeogenesis or Glycolysis or PPP which generates 2 NADPH ==> generates fatty acids and nucleotides |
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Term
Reducing NADPH Equivalents:
Adrenal
Liver
Testes
Adipose
Ovary
Mammary
RBC |
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Definition
Steroid
Fatty Acid and Cholesterol
Steroid
Fatty acid
Steroid
Fatty Acid
Glutathione Maintaince |
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Term
| TCA Cycle (90% of Energy) |
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Definition
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glycolysis Pathway
Intermediates: Citrate from Oxalo+Acetyl CoA |
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Term
| Acetyl CoA Formation from |
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Definition
| Glycolysis, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids |
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Term
| Pyruvate ==> __________==> Acetyl CoA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gluconeogensis, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenosis, Fat Creation, PPP, GLUT2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogenosis, PPP, Fat Creation/Storage, GLUT4 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogenolysis, Glycogenosis, Alanine/Lactate, |
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Term
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Definition
| In liver: 2 Lactate==>2Pyruvate==>Glucose via gluconeogensis. In RBC: Glucose==>2 Lactate via Glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Mechanisms of Regulation of Metabolism |
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Definition
| +/- moldulation of allosteric enzymes, Hormonal ACtivation by cobalent modification/induction, Reaction directional shifts, Translocation of enzymes within Cells (FOXO) |
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Term
| Allosteric Enzyme Modulation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Shift from inactive to active form os Phosphorylase B in Glycogenolysis and Stimulates PFK1 is Glycolysis |
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Term
| Glucagon and Epinephrine Regulates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Glycolysis: from Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6, bisphosphate |
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Definition
| +AMP, + F2BP, - Citrate, -ATP |
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Term
| Gluconeogensis: from Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6, bisphosphate |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin Regulation: GSK3.... |
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Definition
| Phosphorylated by AKT to increase glycogen synthesis , freeing GS |
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Term
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Definition
| AKT phosphorylates FOXO1 making it inactive to gluconeogensis |
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Term
| G6P-ase distruped so G6P.... |
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Definition
| accumulates. Glucose gets converted to G6p leading to HYPOGLYCEMIA, G6P forced to make F6P==>PYRUVATE==>Alanine and Triglycerides /cholesterol = Hyperalaninemia/lipidemia |
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