Term
| California regulated tests (8) |
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Definition
1. Cystic Fibrosis
2. Biotinidase Deficiency
3. Galactosemia
4. Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism
5. COngenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
6. MS/MS Acylcarnitine Panel
7. MS/MS Amino Acid Panel (PKU)
8. Hemoglobinopathies |
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Term
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Definition
| 3000 gm or 3 kg or 6.6 lb |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| - ratio of weight to length |
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Term
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Definition
1 cm/mo for the 1st 6 months
1/2 cm/mo from 6-12 months |
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Term
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Definition
- quiet to noisy
- intrusive last |
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Term
| Newborn HR - normal, tachy, and bradycardia |
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Definition
- 100-180
- Normal when awake = 120-160
- >180 is tachycardia
- <80 is bradycardia |
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Term
| Newborn - normal respiratory rate and abnormals |
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Definition
- 40-60, bronchovesicular
- irregular patterns, apneic periods sometimes normal
- when NOT okay: no breath for >20 sec (apnea)
or
periodic apnea - 3 or more periods within 20 seconds lasting more than 7 seconds (esp. bad if baby turns white or blue, hypotonic, bradycardia) |
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Term
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Definition
- occipital, frontal circumference should be 32-36 cm and is usually larger by 2 cm than the newborn's chest
- shouldn't be less than 3% or more than 97% |
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Term
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Definition
- large fontanelles: hypothyroidism, hydrocephalus (bulging fontanelles)
- small fontanelles: premature closure and microcephaly - TORCH |
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Term
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Definition
- average size 2.1 cm
- closure btwn 7 and 19 months, NOT BEFORE |
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Definition
- closes by 3 months USUALLY
- textbook says by 6 months
- sagittal and lambdoidal |
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Term
| causes of large AF or delayed closure |
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Definition
- achondroplasia
- hypothyroidism
- down syndrome
- increase ICP
- rickets |
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Term
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Definition
- increase ICP - meningitis
- intracranial or extracranial tumors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 methods to screen hearing |
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Definition
1. OAE - Otoacoustic Emissions - response of newborn to clicks; cochlea function
2. Auditory brainstem response (expensive) - ABR thru electrode on forehead in addition to clicks |
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Term
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Definition
1. Deep sleep—Eyes closed, no movement, very regular respiration
2. Active sleep—REM*: eyes closed but move in sleep; very irregular respiration; moves arms, legs, and body during sleep
3. Drowsy—Waking up or going to sleep
4. Quiet alert—Looks at parent's face and eyes, follows sound and parent's face
5. Active alert—Looking around the room but not at faces; gross movements, no crying
6. Crying—(Vocalization) |
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Term
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Definition
Moro
asymmetrical tonic neck
stepping
placing
rooting
palmar-grasp
plantar
Sucking |
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Term
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Definition
| - make sure they're symmetrical |
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Term
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Definition
| bend knees together, are they symmetrically in the same line? |
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Term
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Definition
DISLOCATE
KNEE FLEXED 90 DEGREES
HOLD KNEE WITH THUMB, MIDDLE FINGER OVER GREATER TROCHANTER
PRESS DOWN ON KNEE AND PULL UP
FEEL FOR DISLOCATION OR CLUNK |
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Term
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Definition
**RELOCATE
HIP IS GENTLY ABDUCTED AND LIFTED WHILE PRESSING DOWN ON KNEE AT SAME TIME
LISTEN FOR CLUNK OR FEEL FOR MOVEMENT AS HEAD OF FEMUR SLIDES INTO SOCKET |
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Term
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Definition
| - limitation of abduction, asymmetry of thigh folds, positive allis or galeazzi sign (inequality in the height of the knees), leg length discrepancy |
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Term
| Risk factors for unstable hip? |
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Definition
| female, uterine position (breech), FH, first born |
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Term
| acetabular dysplasia is best detected by? |
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Definition
| - radiographic exam after 4 months of age - bilateral hip x ray before u refer |
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Term
| care of the new circumcision? |
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Definition
tap water and petroleum jelly x 2-3 days
- observe for bleeding/infection |
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Term
| Protocol to prevent hyperbilirubinemia |
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Definition
Promote and support successful breastfeeding.
Establish nursery protocols for the identification and evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia.
Measure the total serum bilirubin (TSB) or transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) level on infants jaundiced in the first 24 hours.
Recognize that visual estimation of the degree of jaundice can lead to errors, particularly in darkly pigmented infants.
Interpret all bilirubin levels according to the infant’s age in hours.
Infants under 38 weeks are at higher risk of developing it
Assess jaundice every time vitals are measured, no less than 8-12 hrs. |
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Term
| Preventable Risk Factors for SIDS (8) |
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Definition
o (Peaks 2-4 months)
o Prone sleep position
o Sleep on a soft surface, especially in the middle of the parents bed
o Maternal smoke during pregnancy
o Overheating of environment
o Young maternal age, LBW, late or no prenatal care
o Nonpreventable: AA and Native A, male gender
o Cosleeping |
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Term
| Nutritional Requirements (4 ages) |
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Definition
o 0-12 months – 100 calories, 2.5-3 g/kg/day
o 1-7 yrs – 75-90 kcal/kg/day, 1.5-2.5 g/kg/day
o 7-12 yrs – 60-75 kcal/kg/day, 1.5-2.5 g/kg/day
o 12+ yrs – 30-60 kcal/kg/day, 1.0-1.5 g/kg/day |
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Term
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Definition
o Nurse w/in first hour of birth
o 8-12 times every 24 hours until satiety usually 10-15 min. on each breast
o NO SUPPLEMENTATION (water, glucose)
o Colostrum – first 3 days
o At least until 4 months, but up to age 1 yr is great; EXCLUSIVE for 6 months (no water until them)
o 6months – 3 years breastfed infants only require fluoride if water supply is severely deficient in fluoride (<.3ppm)
o transitions to mature milk by 2nd week
o 30-40% casein
o adequate – AEKCBs, zinc – vitamins
o IRON ABSORPTION IS SUPER EFFICIENT |
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Term
| How else can babies get Vitamin D? |
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Definition
| o 30 minutes/week sun exposure in diaper or 2 hours fully clothed |
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Term
| ***Breastfeeding exceptions (4) |
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Definition
- Galactosemia
- Mother w/ substance abuse
- untreated active TB
- HIV |
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Term
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Definition
o Develops at 20 wks gestation
o Fewer calories: 67 vs. 75/100 ml
o Lower in fat 2% vs. 3.8% (hindmilk)
o Facilitates passage of meconium
o Higher in Na, Cl, protein, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol
o Rich in immunoglobulins especially IgA |
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Term
| Adequacy of intake for breastfed infants (4) |
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Definition
o 4-6 thoroughly wet diapers/day, or sometimes 8 seedy yellow stools
o 3-4 stools by 4th day
o stool change from meconium to mustard yellow to mushy stool
o weight loss of 10% by day 3, NO LONGER THAN THAT. After 2 weeks, they should gain the whole 10% back! |
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Term
| Breastfeeding assessment (3) |
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Definition
o Weight % change from BW
o Voiding and stooling
o Presence of absence of jaundice |
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Term
| Soy formula is absolutely indicated when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most prevalent chronic disease of childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- red reflex (cataracts)
- corneal light reflex, cover test (strabismus vs. pseudo strabismus) |
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Term
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Definition
- Oral hygiene: brush twice daily, floss once daily – if teeth are attached to each other
- Chlorhexidine --.12% mouth rinses to reduce high titers of oral plaques
- Xylitol gums (trident) to reduce plaque and remineralize teeth |
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Term
| Fluoride KNOW THIS!!!!! (3) |
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Definition
Systemic fluoride supplementation:
- Children 6 months-16 years without optimally fluoridated community water
- Children who drink bottled water without fluoride
- Breastfed infants older than 6 months
- For drinking water concentration > 0.6 ppm: NO supplementation |
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Term
| Dentition!!!! (KNOW THIS) |
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Definition
Primary dentition: 6 months -3 years (20 teeth)
First one may erupt between 3mo. to 16 mo.
The deciduous teeth are lost beginning at age 6 years through age 12 years (starting w/ central incisors)
Permanent dentition: 6 years (first molars erupt)
Mixed dentition: from eruption of the first molar until the last primary teeth fall (12-14 yr)
Wisdom teeth ( 3rd Molar): erupt by late adoles. |
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Term
| Milk and soy protein intolerance |
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Definition
- allergic colitis
-Healthy infant
Rectal bleeding 1-2 wks to 12 mo’s – check butt, r/o abuse, hard bm(fissures)
Cow milk formula*
Soy milk less common
Breast feeding possible
CBC to r/o IDA
Switch from cow milk formula to hydrolyzed protein formula |
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Term
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Definition
Regular Formulas 20 kcal/oz
Premature formula 24 kcal/oz – we want them to gain more |
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Term
| Positive ortolani or barlow? |
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Definition
- newborn or 2 weeks, REFER to orthopedist
- 3-4 weeks and older, bilateral hip x ray then refer |
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Term
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Definition
1 oz/ day for first 6 months
1/2 oz/day for next
2 lb/month |
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