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Definition
| The art and science of interpretation. It’s about how we do it, our method/approach, what we prioritize. |
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| Why do we need Hermeneutics? |
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Definition
My goal for all of us is to be able to understand and talk intelligently and honestly about why we come to different conclusions
Interpretive differences come from different approaches to the text, different presuppositions and background |
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Term
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Definition
| How we know things/anything at all |
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Term
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Definition
We can definitely know some things because we can access reality directly
What we know objectively is tested empirically ex: physical science, often described as “common sense”
Result: anything that cannot be tested and proven empirically is “subjective” or “relative” (ex) theology, aesthetics, ethics … |
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Term
| History: objective or subjective knowledge? |
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Definition
Is historical knowledge like other knowledge? In other words, might we be mistaken?
(ex) classroom, Alexander the Great
The either-or trap: Is is true that we have either full certainty or unsubstantiated whims?
Can we say that neither (of above examples) is absolutely certain, but neither is so uncertain as to be useless?
This “problem” is easy to ignore in real life, though people often use it with “academic” issues.
(ex) Jesus - can we prove his life “scientifically?”
Can we prove most human knowledge scientifically/empirically?
Is it true that all knowledge needs empirical verification? |
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Term
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Definition
All I can know is subjective knowledge relative to my senses because I do not have access to reality (or, if I do, I can’t prove it)
(ex) belief, Oprah
Sounds humble, politically correct
(ex) the ethics of an atheist
(ex) knowing as looking through a telescope |
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Definition
There is external reality, and we do have access to it, though it may be limited.
In other words, there is objective truth!
Verification is important
There are more kinds than scientific |
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Term
| Strengths to Phenomenalism |
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Definition
All humans are shaped by their backgrounds, experiences, etc., which affect their interpretation (.i.e. no one is objective [God’s-eye view on everything!]; we are all subjective)
In other words, we cannot access objective truth objectively!
Is subjectivity a creational attribute? What would that mean? |
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Term
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Definition
CR is an epistemology that acknowledges external reality (as separate from the knower), while recognizing that the knower’s access to it is indirect and relative to contexts.
Example: visits to a country/neighborhood different than your own
In other words, the world does enlighten human perspectives on it, though the latter may never exactly match the former
Need: refinement of access, testing, judgment
The realist may be in error, but that is the risk of realism
(ex) Trader Joe’s (Beers visit)
Strength: based in life |
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Term
| Positivism opinion on an author |
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Definition
| the author of the article is to be trusted completely because their text is an objective portrayal of reality, and readers can read it and directly access reality |
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Term
| Phenomenalism opinion on an author |
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Definition
| the author is not trusted because s/he is not objective and is only giving us his/her opinions (as opposed to reality). There is no “reality” to access. |
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Term
| Critical Realism’s opinion on an author |
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Definition
| Critical realism – it’s good to try to access the truth/reality, and the author is telling us something about that (not just about her/himself) through the text. The reader (as part of a good community) can, often through hard work and verification, do a good job of accessing it, though often not perfectly. |
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Term
| Reader Determines Meaning: A Reader- Response Approach |
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Definition
No (direct) access to reality (of the author, of the text), thus the “meaning” of the text becomes my meaning.
Slogan: “What does it mean to you?”
Common motive: the “other.” The issue here is power, because if I say that I have/know the only meaning of a text, I am asserting power over others and trying to control them. |
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| Author Determines Meaning: An Author-Centered Approach |
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Definition
Positivism: can access the author and her intention, her meaning perfectly (if we work hard enough and have the right tools)
Critical realism: Can’t access the author directly, but can access the author’s intention as embodied in the text. Can’t always do this perfectly, but can often do a pretty good job |
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Term
| How do we know if we’re understanding the author? |
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Definition
Knowledge “happens” when people find things that fit with their stories.
In other words, story is primary. We implicitly start with a larger story, and fit the details into that. |
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Term
| What does it mean that humans are storied creatures? How does this effect our worldview? |
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Definition
We live our lives within the context of overarching stories, and it is only within that context that our actions make sense.
We tell ourselves and each other stories, implicitly and explicitly
Most fundamental: foundation stories of each culture
These stories ground human existence by making sense of the world and help to construct worldviews |
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Term
| The Christian Story/Worldview |
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Definition
One God, Creator God, Committed to Creation
Larger story shapes interpretation of smaller ones
4 worldview questions (every worldview claims to be talking about reality in its entirety!):
Who are we? Where are we? What is wrong? What is the solution? |
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Term
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Definition
Persions
Alex the Great
Ptolemies
Seleucids
Antiochus iV and the “abomination of desolation:
Maccabees/Hasmoneans: Jewish Independence
The Romans |
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Term
| Under the Romans: Unrest and need for deliverance! |
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Definition
Herod the Great (cruel ruler & great builder- temple)
Archelaug (Herod’s son) in Judea and Samaria; succeeded by Roman governors
Herod Antipas (another son) in Galilee and Perea (JB and J’s trial)
Jewish War: corruption and oppression from the wealthy
Bar Kokhba revolt |
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Term
| Religious Setting of Second Temple Judaism |
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Definition
Core beliefs: monotheism, election
Temple & synagogues |
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Definition
(the educated elites, landowners, and members of Jerusalem urban class)
primarily aristocrats
we don’t need deliverance! |
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Definition
(separated ones, chastises those who supported Hellenistic)
Hasidim roots, not priestly
we need deliverance and we’ll sometimes fight for itii) Only few would actually fight for it, others thought “no that’s no what we’re supposed to do, God will take care of it”
they were a mixed group |
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Term
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Definition
(ascetic group, obedience to leaders, initiation practices, denial of luxuries) they weren’t making much of A SCENE!(;
Hasidim roots, anti-temple
we’re waiting for deliverancei) They believed they God will take care of it, they just wait. |
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Term
| Revoluntionaries/4th Philosophy |
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Definition
| we’re bringing deliverance by fighting for iti) We will bring God’s deliverance for God |
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Definition
Looked to God’s soon intervention to destroy the wicked, deliver the righteous, and establish God’s just rule in a new age of peace and security
Jews views this as being about God bringing down peace and new hope, not the world ending like the movie 2012 |
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Definition
| Diverse in 1st C Judaism, though most widespread was for a Davidic Messiah who would destroy Israel’s enemies & restore God’s kingdom |
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| Social Values of 2nd Temple Judiasm |
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Definition
Group Mentality
Family & kinship
Honor
Acceptance of status vs. equal rights
Hospitality for strangers vs. private space |
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Term
| Dangers of Interpreting the Bible |
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Definition
Moralizing: making the point of the story “be like …”
The first question we ask should be theological, not ethical
Allegorizing: making the details of the story mean something outside of the story
Chopping it Up
Subject vs. Meaning: never moving beyond the plot of the story to why the author put it there |
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Term
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Definition
organization is 3 sections of 14 names: Abe-David, David-exile, exile-Christ. It traces the royal ancestry of J. If you looked at it as 7 sections of 7 names, Jesus would be the 7th 7, making him the greatest. (Jewish way of thinking)
5 women: Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, wife of Uriah (Bathsheba), Mary (J’s mom). Purpose(s)? Matthew wants to show women, it’s a gentile thing, men and women thing, ins a holy and unholy thing *** |
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Term
The baptism:
Why does Jesus have to be baptized to “fulfill all righteousness” (3:15)? What does “fulfill all righteousness” mean? |
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Definition
Why does Jesus have to be baptized to “fulfill all righteousness”? Because John was the something. He was baptized as Israel, he needed to be cleansed.
What does “fulfill all righteousness” mean? Because he was symbolically Israel |
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Term
| The temptation(4:1-11): where is Jesus being tempted by Satan? Why is the location significant? Which passages does he use? And what is the point of all this? |
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Definition
| In the desert for 40 days and 40 nights, Because it represents Israel. Deuteronomy 6&8 (8:3) He is taking on Israel’s mission, and Jesus is succeeding everywhere that Israel failed. |
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| Judas’s Death Controversy in Matthew and Solutions to the Problem |
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Definition
Also in Acts 1:16-19
Mathew said he hung himself, Acts says that he fell on the ground and his body burst open
SolutionsJudas hanged himself, but the rope broke and his body was ruptured by the fall
What the priests bought with his money could be seen as “his” purchase
Views agree that Judas met with a violet end and that there was some connection between him & a field called the Field of Blood. |
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Term
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Definition
He’s talking about the temple, and saying how it is just an earthly treasure and it will soon be gone, he is predicting the destruction of the temple, that happens 40 years later
He is warning of future false prophets
Wars, rumors (no electronic media), earthquakes, famines
Patience is needed, not panic
Persecution; “do not worry beforehand about what to say.”
Climax: temple destruction! a vindication for J and followers |
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Term
| What we as Christians need to learn from Mark 13 |
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Definition
We need to get over ourselves! It’s not always all about us!
Also, we need to recognize the significance of this event (to better understand our history and who we are called to be)
Many Christians worldwide face suffering/persecution like this today
Others have the opposite problem: to sit around on their butts and do nothing, to be cynical, to live like the kingdom of God isn’t here/Jesus didn’t do all this stuff
Where human institutions miss the point of Jesus, it may be appropriate to reject them and flee |
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Term
| John’s gospel is split into what two books? describe them. |
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Definition
Book of Signs- 7 signs glorify the Father, reveal J’s identity and provoke faith
The Book of Glory- |
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Term
| 7 signs in the Book of Signs |
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Definition
1-water into wine at Cana
2&3-healing in Cana and Jerusalem
4-feeding the 5000
5-walking on water
6-Jesus heals the blind man
7-raising Lazarus from the dead |
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| What are the expectations raised in Luke? |
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Definition
Expectation of throne, kingdom
Expectation of salvation for Gentiles
Expectation of the redemption of Jerusalem |
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Definition
“wind” and “spirit”
wind is a sign of God’s presence as Spirit |
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Term
| In Acts 2, who does it is say the 1st Lord and 2nd Lord are? |
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Definition
| 1st Lord = YHWH; 2nd Lord = adon (in Hebrew). 2nd Lord is the king of Israel. Jesus is the true king! |
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Term
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Definition
The Holy Spirit comes at Pentecost
Peter adresses the crowd: God’s final act of salvation has begun! talk of being “saved,” Jesus, the 2nd Lord has come, jesus is the true king, fulfillment! its what we’ve been waiting for!
Communal life of early church: Teaching, koinonia/ participation (in Christ, with each other), breaking of bread, prayers. radical! a form of hospitality, eating together showed that they were all equals, they were from different classes but the holy spirit made them all equal. |
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Definition
Peter heals the lame beggar
Peter’s speech: ignorance can be forgiven! don’t be surprised! this kind of thing is sup owed to happen now that Jesus has come! Abraham’s promise-all people are blessed. God will restore everything. |
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Definition
| Peter & Cornelius: The Gentile Pentecost |
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Term
| The word apocalypse means.. |
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Definition
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| According to church tradition (including the early church leaders) who wrote Revelation? |
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| Where was Revelation likely composed? |
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| The authors of NTA argue that Revelation was likely written under what ruler? |
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Definition
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| About the churches in Revelation..name 3, and do we know where they all are? |
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Ephesus, Philadelphia and Sardis
we know where all of these cities/locations are |
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Term
| Which position argues that there will NOT be a literal 1000-year millennium? |
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Definition
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| Which position argues that there will be a rapture and a literal seven year tribulation? |
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Definition
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| Which position argues that there will be a massive conversion that leads to peace and justice and ushers in the millennium? |
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| Which position understands John’s language to speak prophetically about historical events that have already occurred? |
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| Which Position understands John’s language as a perpetual struggle between good and evil? |
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Term
| Time Periods of the NT IN ORDER |
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Definition
The Post-Exilic Period
Hellenistic Period
Alexander the Great
Ptolemaic Rule
Seleucid Rule
Maccabean War
The Hasmonean Dynasty
The Roman Empire |
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Definition
aristotle was his teacher
NOT a trojan
father assented
romantized, macadonian
defeated persians |
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Definition
was the start of the Maccabean War
he slaughtered the pigs on the alter |
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| The Samaritans built a temple where? |
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Definition
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| John’s ministry was primarily in _____ where he lived |
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| How often is the term “I Am” in John the gospel? |
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| In the gospel of John, the word of God is often referred to as what? |
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Definition
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| What term is used most in John’s gospel? What does it mean? |
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Definition
"the world”
(kosmos) refers to the heavens and earth created by God |
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| In john’s gospel, who hated the Jesus? |
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| Paul visited Thessalonica on his __ missionary journey |
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Definition
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| Paul wrote 1-2 Thessalonians from |
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| Under the Romans the city of Thessalonica.. |
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| Did not rebel and enjoyed great privileges |
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| Thessalonica is part of the Roman province called... |
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Definition
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| Paul lists two events in 2 Thessalonians that will precede the Christs coming |
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| the "rebellion" and the Man of lawlessness |
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| The 3rd major issue Paul addresses in 2 Thess concerns |
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| Believers who are not working |
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