Term
| 3 types of muscle spindle fibers |
|
Definition
Nuclear Chain Fibers (Static length of muscle)
Static Nuclear Bag fibers (Static length of muscle)
Dynamic Nuclear Bag fibers (velocity) of muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide information about both length and velocity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Signal information about muscle length only. |
|
|
Term
| role of the myotatic reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Properties of Normal muscle tone |
|
Definition
Effective co-activation
Ability to move against gravity
Balance btw Agonist&antagonist
shift from stability to mobility & back
use mm. in groups or selective
Slight resistance in response to passive stretch |
|
|
Term
| CNS damage from stroke, TBI results in these following problems. |
|
Definition
Problems Both sides of the body
Balance and coordination
Sensory perception and spatial orientation
memory and cognition |
|
|
Term
| What are the physical signs of abnormal muscle tone? |
|
Definition
Flaccidity
Hypotonus: absence of deep tendon reflex
Hypertonia |
|
|
Term
Variables that Influence Motor
Control (internal) |
|
Definition
Motivation
Arousal level
Complexity of task
Sensation
Perception
Biomechanical factors |
|
|
Term
Variables that Influence Motor
Control (External) |
|
Definition
| Spatial and Temporal features of the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Abnormal Muscle Tone |
|
Definition
Unable to isolate movement
increased effort
Neglect of stimuli on affected side |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Cerebellar lesions |
|
Definition
Intention tremor
Dysmetria
Dyssynergia
Dysdiachokinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lead pipe
Cogwheel
Decorticate
Decerebrate |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Lower Motor Neuron Disorder |
|
Definition
Loss of reflexes
Atrophy
Flaccid paralysis
Filbrillations & Fasciculations |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Upper Motor Neuron Disorder |
|
Definition
Babinski sign
Abnormal cutaneous reflexes
Abnormal timing of muscle activation
Spasticity
Paresis |
|
|
Term
| What are the Assessments for muscle tone? |
|
Definition
Response to passive stretch
Modified Ashworth Scale
Fugl-Meyer Assessment |
|
|
Term
| Techniques to inhibit spasticity include? |
|
Definition
Slow sustained stretches which activates GTO
Splinting
Serial casting
Seating and positioning |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacological treatment for Spasticity include? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to facilitate Low tone? |
|
Definition
Light touch
Fast Brushing
Thermal stimuli
Resistance
Special senses (olfactory stimulation)
Proprioceptive stimuli
Heavy joint compression |
|
|
Term
| Problems with Low Tone include? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to inhibit high tone? |
|
Definition
Warm thermal stimulation
Prolonged stretch
Joint approximation
Tendon pressure |
|
|
Term
Reflex‐Hierarchical Model of Motor
Control Premise |
|
Definition
Mo#va#on to move
Long term memory is searched
Program is developed
Program is executed, monitored and adapted
Knowledge of results is received and corrected
Program is stored in memory for future use |
|
|
Term
| Challenges of Reflex‐Hierarchical Model |
|
Definition
How can CNS control degrees of freedom for each movement
Specific motor programs for each activity and variations
Storage problem |
|
|
Term
| What is the premise of Neuromaturational theory? |
|
Definition
As neural structures mature then create change in motor function.
Development progresses from cephalic to caudal and proximal to distal |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 premises of Dynamical Systems Theory? |
|
Definition
Behaviors emerge from interaction of many systems.
Heterarchical: no inherent ordering of systems or subsystems.
Postures and movements are
coordinative structures capable of
adapting to changing
circumstances |
|
|
