Working Memory

(Location)

Working Memory

(Function)

Lasts only for a few seconds,

Takes information to process and make decisions

Long Term Memory

(Location)

Cerebrum

(transfered by Hippocampus)

Long Term Memory

(Function)

Motor/Muscle Memory

(Location)

Motor/Muscle Memory

(Function)

Parietal Lobe

(Location)

Frontal Lobe

(Location)

Temporal Lobe

(Location)

Cerebellum

(Location)

Occipetal Lobe

(Location)

General Functions of the Nervous System

Communication

1. Simulate Movement

2. Consciousness

3. Memory

4. Thinking

5. Solve Problems

6. Communicate With Symbols

7. Develop Values

8. Exhibit Emotions

General Functions of the Nervous System

Homeostasis

1. Blood Pressure

2. Temperature

3. Taste

4. Smell

5. Touch

6. Sound

7. Light

8. Proprioception

Hypothalamus

**HOMEOSTASIS**

Relay center for:

Medulla -> Cerebrum

Cerebrum -> Cerebellum

Sensory Input -> Cerebellum

Runs through the brainstem.

Activates the cerebral cortex and is responsible for wakefulness.

Decreased activity -> sleep, damaged/injury -> coma

Activated by light, sound and touch.

Frontal Lobe

(Functions)

Controls the skeletal muscles.

Concencentration, planning, etc.

Primary Motor: initiation of motor

Motor Association: Coordination of learned movements

Prefrontal Cortex: Concentration, planning, problem-solving, emotion

Broca's Area: Motor speech

Frontal Eye Field: Learned eye movement (ex.: scanning)

Somatic sensory, perception

Comprehension, language

Primary Sensory: Receives sensory information from the body

sensory Association: Processes sensory information

Wernicke's Area: Sense of taste, language comprehension

Auditory, emotions, learning, sense of smell

Primary Auditory: Detection of sound quality

Auditory Association: Processes auditory imformation

Primary Visual: Detection of visual information (color, texture, shape, etc.).

Visual Association: Processes visual information (ex.: facial recognition)

Prefrontal Cortex: Vital to working memory and emotional responses

Hippocampus: Vital to learning and memory

Amygdala: Important in decoding emotions

Central Sulcus

Parietal Occipital

Lateral Sulcus

Glial Cells

(Trillions of them are in the brain.)

Controls voluntary movements.

Reception of external stimuli.

Involuntary movements

Reception of internal stimuli

Language

Speech

Math

Logic

Spatial Ability

Face Recognition

Visual Imagery

Music Recognition & Appreciation

Schwann Cell

(Location)

Oligodendrocyte

(Location/Function)

Central Nervous System/

Insulate axons

Astrocyte

(star-shaped w/ many processes)

Located in the brain and spinal cord.

• Provides structural support
• Provides neurons with nutrients such as lactase
• Blood-brain barrier
• Express potassium channels at a high density
• Nervous system repair

-70mV

Relative charge when neuron is NOT sending a signal

The difference in charges between the inside and outside

(Vin - Vout)

-55mV

At treshold, an action potential is fired.

Opens/closes in response to a chemical

(neurotransmitters)

Opens/closes in response to pressure

(touch, sound waves)

Insulating myelin leave parts of the neurons exposed.

Those Nodes of Ranvier are the only parts of the axon capable of conducting the impulse.

The action potential "jumps" from node to node, allowing for much FASTER conduction of the impulse.

Acetylcholine: Release causes skeletal muscle contractions.

Epinephrine: adrenaline

Dopamine: involved in emotional responses, complex movements

Serotonin: Involved with mood, sleep, anxiety

GABA: postsynaptic inhibition of the brain

Diffusion away from the synaptic cleft

Re-uptake by presynaptic neuron

Phagocytosis by microglial cells

Enzymatic Breakdown (Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine Oxidase)