Term
| Guillain Barre: associated w/ which infections? |
|
Definition
herpes family viruses (CMV, EBV)
campylobacter jejuni |
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Term
Acid sphingomyelinase def - Causes? - Describe this condition |
|
Definition
- Niemann Pick dz - a lysosomal storage disorder resulting in organomegaly and neuromuscular disturbances |
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|
Term
Arylsulfatase A def - causes? - describe this disorder |
|
Definition
- metachromatic leukodystrophy - lysosomal storage disorder, resulting in central and peripheral demyelination --> ataxia and dementia |
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Term
JC virus - causes - describe this disorder |
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Definition
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - demyelinating disorder |
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Term
| which mineral is imp for regeneration of olfactory neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gold standard test to dx narcolepsy |
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Definition
| multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) |
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Term
| use of polysomnography in dx'ing narcolepsy |
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Definition
| high specificity, low sensitivity |
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Term
| role of hypocretin CSF assay in dx'ing narcolepsy |
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Definition
| not commercially feasible |
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Term
localize the lesion:
superior left quadrantanopia |
|
Definition
| lower portions of optic radiations in right temporal lobe |
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Term
| most common clinical pattern of MS |
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Definition
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Term
| describe appearance of white matter MS lesions on MRI |
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Definition
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Term
slow wave activity on EEG -
- indicative of? |
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Definition
| focal brain dysfxn (i.e., tumor) |
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|
Term
xanthochromia in CSF
- suggestive of? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- depressor when eye is aDducted
- intorter when eye is aBducted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- elevator when eye is aDducted
- extorter when eye is aBducted |
|
|
Term
lesion to right 5th nerve
- sxs? |
|
Definition
- R-sided facial sensory loss
- absent corneal reflex
- trouble chewing |
|
|
Term
lesion to L 3rd nerve
-sxs? |
|
Definition
- loss of L medial rectus, sup rectus, inf rectus, and inf oblique
- L sided ptosis
- dilated L pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- R eye inability to adduct upon L conjugate gaze
- L eye abducting nystagmus |
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|
Term
| imp structures of vertical gaze pathway |
|
Definition
- cn iii
- cn iv
- interstitial nuc of cajal
- rostral interstitial nuc of MLF
- posterior commissure |
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Term
| pathologies that would press on anterior commissure (2) |
|
Definition
- hydrocephalus
- pineal gland tumor |
|
|
Term
| impingement on posterior commissure would cause what prob in the vertical gaze pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triad of sxs for miller-fisher |
|
Definition
- ataxia
- ophthalmoplegia
- areflexia |
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Term
|
Definition
| immediate hemianesthesia, w/ dysesthesias rising later |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| role in behaviors that require an integration of thought w/ motivation and emotion |
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Term
Absence seizure
- classification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Absence seizure
- duration? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Absence seizure
- triggered by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
complex partial seizure
- ave duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
amygdala
- location (lobe)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
hippocampus
- location (lobe)? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| features of temporal lobe-based simple partial and complex partial seizures (5) |
|
Definition
- de ja vu
- olfactory/gustatory hallucinations
- epigastric rising sensation
- automatisms (in complex partial)
- amnesia |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of idiopathic epilepsy syndromes (7) |
|
Definition
- no underlying pathology
- nl development
- relatively self-ltd
- medication responsive
- genetic predisposition common
- more likely to be generalized than focal
- better prognosis |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of symptomatic epilepsy syndromes (5) |
|
Definition
- associated w/ neurological abnlities
- often have underlying cause
- frequent seizures
- difficult to control
- more likely to be focal than generalized |
|
|
Term
absence seizure
- EEG pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epilepsy syndromes associated w/ spontaneous remission (2) |
|
Definition
- childhood absence epilepsy
- benign epilepsy w/ centrotemporal spikes |
|
|
Term
| epilepsy syndromes that require lifelong tx (3) |
|
Definition
- juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
- lennox gastaut syndrome
- temporal lobe epilepsy |
|
|
Term
juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
- EEG pattern |
|
Definition
| 4-5 Hz generalized spike wave |
|
|
Term
lennox gaustaut syndrome
- EEG pattern |
|
Definition
| 1-2 Hz generalized slow spike wave |
|
|
Term
temporal lobe epilepsy
- associated w/ what abnlity? |
|
Definition
| mesial temporal sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| R lenticulostriate arteries supply... |
|
Definition
| basal ganglia, motor fibers to face, hand, arm, and leg as the fibers descend thru the posterior limb of the internal capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects visual cortex, causing homonymous hemianopia (may or may not have macular sparing) |
|
|
Term
epidural steroid injections
- contraindicated in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
charcot marie tooth
- inheritance pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| periaqueductal gray projects --> ? |
|
Definition
| rostral ventromedial medulla |
|
|
Term
phenytoin
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- Na channel inactivation |
|
|
Term
carbamazepine
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- Na channel inactivation |
|
|
Term
oxcarbazepine
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- Na channel inactivation |
|
|
Term
lamotrigine
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- primary generalized
- atonic or myoclonic
- GTCS
- Absence
- blocks voltage-gated Na channels |
|
|
Term
gabapentin
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- incr GABA release |
|
|
Term
topiramate
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- primary generalized
- GTCS
- incr GABA and blocks Na channels |
|
|
Term
phenobarbitol
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- primary generalized
- incr GABA axn |
|
|
Term
valproic acid
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- atonic or myoclonic
- GTCS
- absence
- atypical absence
- blocks Na channels and incr GABA |
|
|
Term
ethosuximide
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- absence
- blocks T-type Ca channels |
|
|
Term
benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam)
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- not generally used as first line for any seizures
- incr GABA-A axn |
|
|
Term
levatiracetam
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- primary generalized
- binds to SV2A to inhibit conduction across synapse |
|
|
Term
primidone
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- likely incr GABA axn |
|
|
Term
tiagabine
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- likely incr GABA axn |
|
|
Term
zonisamide
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- partial and secondary GTCS
- mech unknown |
|
|
Term
clonazepam
- used for which type of seizures?
- mech of axn? |
|
Definition
- primary generalized
- incr GABA axn |
|
|
Term
| traditional first choice drugs for partial and secondary GTCS (2) |
|
Definition
- carbamazepine
- phenytoin |
|
|
Term
| alternative 1st choices for partial and secondary GTCS |
|
Definition
- gabapentin
- levatiracetam
- lamotrigine
- oxcarbazepine
- topiramate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, worse osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dose and rate related skin rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cognitive deficits, renal stones, glaucoma, weight loss, irritability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weight gain, hair loss, tremor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aplastic anemia, liver failure |
|
|
Term
| AEDs that inhibit hepatic enzymes (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that induce hepatic enzymes (5) |
|
Definition
- carbamazepine
- phenobarbitol
- phenytoin
- primidone
- topiramate |
|
|
Term
| AEDs w/ no effects on hepatic enzymes |
|
Definition
- gabapentin
-levetiracetam |
|
|
Term
| AEDs that lower the efficacy of OCPs |
|
Definition
- phenytoin
- carbamazepine
- phenobarbitol |
|
|
Term
| emergency tx of status epilepticus |
|
Definition
| lorazepam (then fosphenytoin --> phenobarbitol --> midazolam or propafol) |
|
|
Term
| maintenance of circadian rhythms in humans is dependent on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structures that, when active, promote arousal inc (4) |
|
Definition
- reticular activating system
- tuberomamillary nuc
- suprachiasmatic nuc
- basal forebrain |
|
|
Term
| initiation of non-REM sleep occurs as a result of adenosine accumulation where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydrocephalus can result in ___ nerve palsy, d.t. its path directly beneath the 4th ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that influence sensitivity of diff nerves to diff anesthetics (3) |
|
Definition
- size (diameter)
- myelination status
- conduction velocity |
|
|
Term
| desc myocardial s efx of amide anesthetics (esp bupivicaine) |
|
Definition
| arrhythmias and decreased myocardial contractility |
|
|
Term
drug interactions:
- avoid lidocaine in these pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
drug interactions:
- avoid ester anesthetics in these pts (2) |
|
Definition
- those pts allergic to PABA
- those being tx'd w/ sulfonamides |
|
|
Term
neuronopathy
- def
- ex of disorder in this category |
|
Definition
- disorder that principally affects nerve cell bodies in the ant horn of spinal cord or dorsal root ganglion
- ALS |
|
|
Term
neuronopathy
- def
- ex of disorder in this category |
|
Definition
- disorder that principally affects nerve cell bodies in the ant horn of spinal cord or dorsal root ganglion
- ALS |
|
|
Term
| autosomal dominant form of ALS associated w/... |
|
Definition
| abnl superoxide dismutase genes |
|
|
Term
| contraindications to general anesthesia |
|
Definition
- malignant hyperthermia
- intracranial HTN
- severe hypovolemia |
|
|
Term
| tx for malignant hyperthermia |
|
Definition
- Dantrium (large doses)
- cooling devices |
|
|
Term
| effect of heat on CNS fxning |
|
Definition
| slows electrical transmission in CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kill the axon, and the myelin degenerates secondarily |
|
|
Term
| is the brain parenchyma pain sensitive? |
|
Definition
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|
