Term
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Definition
MEW
Motor Response: 6-obeys commands 1-none
Eye opening: 4-Spontaneous 1-never
Words: 5-oriented 1-none |
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Term
| Injury Assoc. w/ poor pupillary reflex |
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Definition
| brain stem function CN II & III |
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Term
| Injury Assoc. w/ abnormal eye movements |
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Definition
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Term
| Injury Assoc. w/ poor oculocephalic reflex |
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Definition
| brainstem (eyes move with head rather than staying focused when head moves) |
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Term
| Injury Assoc. w/ poor oculovestibular reflex |
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Definition
| brainstem (eyes move toward vestibular stimulation) |
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Term
| Injury Assoc. w/ poor corneal reflex |
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Definition
| CN III (eyes close when touched |
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Term
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Definition
decerebrate: brain stem damage from lesions on the cerebellum--> extensor reflex (worse damage)
decorticate: brain stem damage including the corticospinal tract--> flexor reflex |
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Term
| Persistent Vegetative State vs. Brain death |
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Definition
no cognitive function, reflexes/basal functions in tact
vs.
irreversible, fatal, and total loss of brain function |
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Term
| Damage Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) |
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Definition
| Hypoxia/ischemia, increased ICP/edema, excitatory amino acid (neurotransmitter) injury |
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Term
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Definition
S&S: severe head/neck/backache, N/V, dizziness/altered vision
Tx: Meds (Glaucoma meds, diuretics, headache meds), and surgery depending on the cause
Complication: Hematoma: vessel burst |
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Term
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Definition
epidural: arterial burst, collection of blood outside of dura mater, pressure on the brain
subdural: venous burst in subarachnoid space
Tx: surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular drainage is clogged--> CSF build-up--> pressure on brain--> multiple signs & symptoms dependent on age |
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Term
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Definition
Concussion: momentary interruption of brain function
Contusion: bruising of brain surface
Axonal Injury: axonal damage in cerebrum, corpus callosum, and brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
Thrombotic: arteriosclerosis--> thrombus--> cerebral ischemia--> CVA
Embolic: a-fib, valvular disease, endocarditis--> venous stasis--> low CO--> CVA |
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Term
| Risks, Signs & Symptoms, and Treatment for Stroke |
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Definition
Risks: poor diet/exercise, family history/AfAm/male, age 55+
S&S: FAST
Tx: Ischemic: restore blood flow (aspirin, TPA, anti-clotting agents)
Hemorrhagic: reduced bleeding (surgery) |
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Term
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Definition
Patho: recurrent episodes of abnormal electrical discharges of the brain due to head injury, meningitis, tumors, etc.
Classifications: simple, complex, secondary
S&S: LOC, spasms & rigidity (tonic-clonic), loss of tone |
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Term
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Definition
Patho: bacterial/viral/fungal infection of the CNS
S&S: Hi WBC, Hi Protein, positive culture, etc.
Tx: antibiotics, anticonvulsants, shunting in the case of hydrocephalus |
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Term
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Definition
Patho: trauma displaces spine, strains spinal cord
S&S: loss of function of body parts related to extent of damage
Tx: w/in 4 hours: immobilization and corticosteroids |
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Term
| autonomic dys/hyperreflexia |
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Definition
loss of control of autonomic reflexes, doesn't happen when it should/happens more frequently than necessary
treat with stimulants or adrenergic blocking agents as the case may be
S&S: vasospasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual development and secondary characteristics, protein anabolism, and stimulation of EPO |
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Term
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Definition
| Testosterone deficiency (normal 300-1000ng/dL); can be primary, secondary, or tertiary, each having different clinical manifestations including decreased fertility, fatigue, and muscular atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital termination of the urethra on the ventral vs. dorsal surface of the penis, rather than the end |
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Term
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Definition
P: Undescended testicles (normally descend 0-3 mo.s)
M: Infertility, malignancy/torsion, psychological effects
T: hormonal therapy, orchiopexy |
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Term
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Definition
P: accumulation of fluid between the tunica vaginalis and the testicle due to infection/lymph obstruction, tumor/radiation, or injury
M: pain, heaviness |
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Term
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Definition
P: collection of blood in the testicles due to bleeding disorder, etc.
M: purpling/reddening |
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Term
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Definition
| painless, sperm-containing cyst which forms in the epididymis |
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Term
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Definition
| Varicosity in the testicular veins |
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Term
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Definition
P: testicle rotates--> spermatic cord twists--> ischemia in 8-18 year olds,
M: PAIN |
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Term
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) R |
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Definition
| Age, most common in men over 60 |
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Term
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Definition
| excess growth of epithelial and smooth muscle cells of prostate--> compression and occlusion of urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| urinary frequency/urgency/hesitancy, dysuria, and nocturia |
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Term
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Definition
| watchful waiting, invasive tx, or drug therapy |
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Term
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Definition
Risk: psychogenic (performance anxiety, depression, strain) & organic (diabetes, low T, drugs, etc)
Patho: persistant inability to achieve/sustain an erection
Tx: cyclic GMPs, & surgery |
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Term
| male inflammatory disorders |
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Definition
balanoposthitis: inflammation of penis and foreskin--> ulceration/scarring; balanitis: inflammation of the penis
Epididymitis: duh
orchitis: inflammation of the testicles |
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Term
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Definition
Risk: hi fat diet, ethnicity (AfAm, Asian), & family history
tx: chemo, radiation, surgery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| heavy bleeding during and between periods |
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Term
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Definition
| painful/discomforted menstruation |
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Term
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Definition
functioning endometrial tissue in ectopic sites
presents as pain, and ectopic bleeding during menstruation
tx with contraceptives and surgery |
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Term
| Cysto- vs. Rectocele vs. Uterine prolapse |
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Definition
the herniation of the bladder vs. rectum vs. uterus into the vagina
risks: abdominal pressure, aging, & menopause |
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Term
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Definition
P: benign tumors; types: submucosal (just beneath endometrial tissue, most problematic), intramural (embedded in myometrium), and subserosal (just beneath perimetrium)
M: Painful menses, excessive bleeding
Tx: pain management, contraceptives, or surgery (depending on severity) |
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Term
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Definition
Follicular Phase: estrogen is produced by follicle (positive feed-back) until FSH & LH spike causing ovulation; endometrium has built to its full thickness at this time
Luteal phase: estrogen production drops post-ovulation, progesterone is produced by corpus luteum, after which it dissipates if the egg does not implant; the drop in progesterone causes menstrual flow |
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Term
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Definition
P: anaerobic bacteriotrophic bacterial, and sexually transmitted infection
S&S: positive microscopic exam; frothy, malodorous, green-yellow discharge; strawberry spots
Tx: antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
P: sexually transmitted chlamydia trachomatis infection
S&S: most are asymptomatic
Tx: antibiotics |
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Term
| complications from chlamydia |
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Definition
ocular disease in neonates (profilactic eye cream used on all neonates)
PID
Infertility |
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Term
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Definition
"yeast infection"
P: opportunistic infection <--antibiotic treatment
S&S: white, odorless discharge
Tx: antifungals |
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Term
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Definition
Human Papilloma Viral, Sexually Transmitted Infection
S&S: serotypes 6 & 11--> genital warts
16 & 18--> linked to cervical cancer; otherwise generally asymptomatic
Tx: vaccine to prevent, pap smears to screen; wart removal |
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Term
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Definition
P: Herpes simplex viral, sexually transmitted disease
S&S: chancres
Tx: antivirals and good hygiene |
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