Term
1. The medulla oblongata controls what vital centers in the body? |
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Definition
1) Cardiac – heart beat2) Respiratory – respirations3) Vasomotor center – regulate blood pressure |
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Term
| 2. What patient teaching needs to be emphasized to clients taking sedative-hypnotic medications? |
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Definition
1) Daytime sedation – avoid hazardous activities 2) Avoid alcohol – other CNS depressants - antihistamines 3) May develop tolerance |
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Term
1. What is diazepam the generic name for? And what does it treat? (Valium) |
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Definition
| 1)Status epilepticus seizures2) Skeletal muscle relaxants for chronic muscle Pain 3) Antiseizure medication 4) Anti-convulsion medication |
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Term
| 1. What are different types of seizures? |
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Definition
| 1) Psychomotor – uncontrolled seizures2) Tonic/clonic – major convulsions with muscle rigidity and synchronous muscle jerks; marked impairment of consciousness3) Absence = petit mal seizures – loss of consciousness for 10-30 seconds with mild symmetrical motor activity to no motor activity at all – may be as mild as only eye blinking4) Status epilepticus – uncontrolled seizures lasting 30 minutes may be life-threatening – treat with Valium |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for treating Statue epilepticus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Valium is the most widely prescribed medication in the world what is its drug family? |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines – calms without being excessively sedated |
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Term
| What are some other well known benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
| 1) diazepam (Valium)2) chlordiazepoxide (Librium)3) lorazepam (Ativan) |
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Term
| Most popular barbiturate? |
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Definition
| Phenobarbital – treat seizures |
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Term
| What are some examples of Hydantoins and miscellaneous Antiseizure medications? |
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Definition
| 1) Dilantin2) Neurontin3) Tegretol4) Depakote |
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Term
| What do these Hydantoins and miscellaneous Antiseizure drugs do? |
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Definition
| Change the excitability of nerve cells by decreasing the effect of sodium ions in the brain |
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Term
| What are some side effects seen with Hydantoins drugs? |
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Definition
| 1) dizziness2) visual disturbances3) postural imbalance· Adverse reaction: gingivitis |
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Term
Although all barbiturates have some anticonvulsant properties, which barbiturate is often used to treat epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do barbiturates work to control seizures? |
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Definition
| Reduces excitation of brain cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a person is out of touch with reality; two major Examples (question 17) |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals who are in contact with reality but are unable to adjust favorably to his or her surroundings or situations – anxiety |
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Term
What are two major types of psychosis? |
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Definition
| 1) Schizophrenia2) Major depression |
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Term
| What is believed to cause Parkinson’s disease? |
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Definition
| 1) Decreased amount of dopamine2) Excess amount of ACh- acetylcholine (necessary for neurotransmission and for forming memories |
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Term
| What is the medication use for Parkinson’s diseases? |
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Definition
1) Levodopa (L-Dopa, Dopar, Larodopa) – Is converted into dopamine – by crossing brain barrier (A decrease of dopamine causes excess of acetylcholine (Ach)
2) Symmetrel (amantadine) - also releases dopamine |
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Term
| What are side effects of L-Dopa? |
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Definition
| 1) Dystonia – weak, slow movements2) nausea3) vomiting4) abdominal pain5) dysphagia6) dry mouth7) mental changes8) headache9) increase in hand tremors |
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Term
| What happens if dopamine levels become too high? |
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Definition
1) Dyskinesia (excessive involuntary body movements) 2) Syncope (red/brown color to urine |
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Term
| What are three names used for Neurosis medications |
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Definition
| 1) Antianxiety2) Anxiolytics3) Minor tranquilizers |
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Term
| What are some drugs examples use to treat Neurosis? |
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Definition
| 1) Xanax – Benzodiazepines (like Valium)2) BuSpar – solely antianxiety3) Atarax - antihistamine, anxiolytic, antimetic, sedation4) Valium –Benzodiazepines (seizures) |
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Term
| What are three name used for Psychosis medications? |
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Definition
| 1) Major tranquilizers2) Neuroleptics3) Antipsychotics |
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Term
| What are common side effects of schizophrenias? |
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Definition
| 1) Hallucinations2) Delusions3) Deterioration in social functioning4) Speech may be incoherent or repetitive – Tangents unable to get to the point in communication5) Strong feelings of hopelessness6) Agitation7) Combativeness |
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Term
| How do Antipsychotics work? |
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Definition
| 1) They relieve symptoms of psychosis or neurosis – delusions, hallucinations, agitation and combativeness2) Therapeutically to relieve nausea and vomiting3) Potentiate analgesics – promethazine (Phenergan) |
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Term
| The most important class of antipsychotics medications are? |
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Definition
| 1) Phenothiazines (Thorazine) chlorpromazine, (Phenergan) promethazine, (Compazine) prochlorperazine2) Butyrophenones (Haldol (HP)) haloperidol3) Thioxanthenes (Navane (HP))thiothixene |
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Term
| What are some side effects seen with antipsychotics? |
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Definition
| 1) Postural hypotension2) Tachycardia or bradycardia3) Vertigo4) Tardive dyskinesia· Tics – involuntary movements of the body · Movements of the lips, jaw, and, tongue· Jerking movements of the extremities that cause postural imbalance5) Extrapyramidal effect |
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Term
What is chlorpromazine (Thorazine) used for Typical phenothiazine |
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Definition
| 1) Tetanus – as adjuvant therapy2) Intractable hiccups3) Bipolar disorder4) Agitation5) Delirium tremors (DT) |
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Term
What medication is used to treat Tourettte’s syndrome and behavioral problems in children? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thienobenzodiazepine used to treat schizophrenia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medications are use to treat migraine headaches? |
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Definition
| 1) NSAIDS2) Opioid analgesics3) Ergot alkaloids4) Imitrex (sumatriptan)5) Hormones derivatives |
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Term
| What is a migraine headache? |
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Definition
| Unilateral throbbing or nonthrobbing pain often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to noise and light some with aura |
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Term
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Definition
| Light flashes, blank areas in a field of vision, or zigzag patterns |
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Term
| What are the major objectives in treating schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| 1) suppress acute episodes of psychosis2) prevent acute exacerbations3) maintain the highest possible level of functioning |
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Term
| What is another name for mood disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of depression? |
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Definition
| 1) Exogenous depression – depression due to loss or disappointment – resolves after a period of time· Death· Loss of job· Debilitating illness2) Endogenous depression – unipolar disorder with no external cause – may result from genetic factors or biochemical changes of the brain |
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Term
| What are some examples of psychomotor stimulants? |
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Definition
| 1) MAOI’s – monoamine oxidase inhibitors· Second and third choice because of interactions with1. Rx 2. OTC meds3. Certain foodsa. Cheeseb. Winec. Avocado · Used for what conditions?o Resistant depressiono Anxious hostile depressiono Panic attackso Phobias2) TCAs – tricyclic antidepressants · Used to block uptake of serotonin (increases or keeps serotonin in the brain) and norepinephrine to stimulate CNS · Treats major depression3) SSRIs – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors· Newer drugs that block reuptake and inactivation of serotonin with fewer side effects· Examples:1. Prozac2. Celexa3. Paxil4. Zoloft |
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Term
| What are characteristics of a mentally healthy person? |
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Definition
| 1) Accurate perception of reality2) Ability to accept oneself and others3) Ability to be spontaneous4) Need for privacy5) Independence6) Ability to express self-emotionally7) Frequency of peak experiences – worth, hope, love of life8) Ability to maintain self and relationship9) Sense of ethics10) Some sense of resistance to conformity |
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Term
| Anxiolytics are used to treat what conditions? |
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Definition
| 1) neurosis2) anxiety· examples: Xanax, BuSpar, Atarax, Valium |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for antidepressant drugs? |
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Definition
| Block uptake of serotonin |
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Term
| Which class of drugs is used for antidepressants drugs? |
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Definition
| 1) Psychomotor2) Anxiolytic |
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Term
| What are second-Generation antidepressant used with patient who are unresponsive to other antidepressants? |
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Definition
| 1) bupropion· Wellbutrin· Zyban – also used to stop smoking |
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Term
| What mood stabilizer is the drug of choice for manic depression? |
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Definition
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Term
| What problems are most seen with manic episodes? |
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Definition
| Compliance – patient begins to see nothing wrong with their way of thinking or behavior |
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Term
| What conditions do psychomotor stimulants treat? |
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Definition
| 1) depression2) ADHD3) Phobias4) Manic |
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Term
| What types of psychomotor stimulants are available? |
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Definition
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Term
| Antimanic meds are used to treat? |
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Definition
| Bipolar disorders – formerly called manic depression |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for Antimanic? |
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Definition
| Lithium also mood stabilizer |
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Term
| Anticonvulsants meds that are also used with bipolar disorders? |
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Definition
| 1) Tegretol2) Depakene3) Depakote |
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Term
| ADD/ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) are treated with what meds? |
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Definition
| 1) methylphenidate – · Ritalin· Conerta· Focalin· Metadate CD2) dextroamphetamine – · Dexedrinr· Dextrostat3) amphetamine sulfate · Adderall4) non-stimulants · Strattera |
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Term
| When are ADD/ADHD meds given? |
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Definition
| Dosed daily am/noon and after school for homework if needed |
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Term
| What are some side effects with ADD/ADHD meds? |
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Definition
| 1) Insomnia2) Growth suppression3) Headache4) abdominal pain5) suppressed appetite6) lethargy – drowsiness, mental sluggishness7) listlessness |
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Term
| Medication used to treat ADD/ADHD are stimulants but do not suppress rowdy behavior instead what do they do what? |
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Definition
| They improve attention and focus and decrease impulsiveness hyperactivity |
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Term
| Why do physician suggest ADD/ADHD patients to leave off their meds during weekends and school breaks? |
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Definition
| Gives children time for growth to catch up |
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