Term
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Definition
| a mass of cells whose growth is uncontrolled and serves no useful function |
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Definition
| a cancerous tumor, lacking a distinct border and may metastasize. its infiltrating the surrounding tissue, so if cut out some cell may be left behind |
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Definition
| a non-cancerous tumor, has a distinct border and cannot metatasize |
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Definition
| happens often with malignant tumors. The process by which cells break off a tumor, ravel through the vascular system, and grow elsewhere in the body |
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| 2 ways tumors damage brain tissue |
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Definition
| compression and infiltration |
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Term
| where do tumors arise from? |
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Definition
| They do not arise from neurons, they arise from other cells found in the brain or from metastases originating elsewhere in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a cancerous brain tumor composed of one of several types of glia cells, one of the msot serious types of tumors, fast growing and very malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| a benign bain tumor composed of the cells that constitute the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, steroids, others |
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Term
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Definition
| aka epilepsy, when a person has seizure, or a priod of sudden excessive activity o cerebral neurons, can have many causes, 2% of population will have at least 1 seizure, |
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Term
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Definition
| a violent sequnce of uncontrollable muscle movements caused by a seizure. Most seizures, in fact, don't cause convulsions. |
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Term
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Definition
| partial vs. generalized. Two categories of partial are simple or complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| have a definite focus and remains localized, not generalized to rest of brain (typically the focus is a scarred region cased by an old injury, or a developmntal abnormality like a malformed bloo vessel) |
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Term
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Definition
| a seizure that involves most of brain. They may grow from one focus or sometimes origin is not disocvered. |
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Definition
| a partial seizure that does not produce a loss of conciousness.Can be motor, somatosensory, autonomic, psychic, cognitive or affective |
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Term
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Definition
| a partial seizure that produces loss of consciousness. Can be convulsive or non-convulsive. |
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Term
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Definition
| aka grand mal seizure. A generalized seizure which results in convulsions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sensation that prcedes a seizure, its exact nature depends on the location of the seizure focus. Can be an iternal sensaton, visual or motor changes, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| The first phase of a tonic-clonic seizure, in which all of the person's skelatal muscles are contracted. Th person is completely unconsious at this point and holds the rigid posture for about 15 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase of a tonoc clonic seizure in which the person shows rhythmic jerking movements. Eyes roll, person's face in contourted in grimaces, tongue may be bitten, sweating, salivation. After seisure can show confuson, drowsiness, headache and muscle soreness. |
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Term
| percentage of those with elilepy that have temportal lope epilepsy with damage to hippocampus |
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Definition
| 25% of kids and 50% of adults |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of seizure disorder often seen in children, characterized by periods of inattention, which are not remembered, called petit mal seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which the person undrgoes a series of seizures without regaining consiousness. even one episode like this can caue significant hippocampal damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| common cause is scarring from an injury, stroke, developmental abnormality in brain, or tumor. Other causes include various drugs and infections that causes high fever, or when aloholics or drug addicts stop taking the drug, |
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Term
| treatment of seizure disorder |
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Definition
| medications which increase inhibition (soduim blockers, GABA enhancers, calcuim channel blockers, glutamate blockers), surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, vitains, melatonin,ketogenic diet |
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Term
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Definition
| can occur with real seizures and are often dfficult to tell with are which from just watching. Generally have a more rhythmic component to movements than true seisures, can see falling, self-injury, post seizure confusion ad alterations in consciousness like real seizures. Rarely will you see tounge biting, unprotected falling, incontinence. |
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Term
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Definition
| hemorrhagic and obstructive |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by bleeding within brain from rupture of blood vessel (usually from malformed blood vessel or one weakened by high blood pressure. Are most fatal type of stroke. |
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Term
| obstructive stroke (aka ischemic stroke) |
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Definition
| stroke caused by a plugged up blood vessel which prevents blood flow. 80% of strokes are this kind |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, which may occlude it causing a onstructive stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
| a piece of matter such as blood clot, fat or bacterial debris that dislodges from its site of origin and occludes an artery, can lead to stroke in its in brain |
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Term
| cause of death of neurons when blood supply to a region of brain inturrupted by stroke |
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Definition
| the presence of excessive amounts of glutamate |
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Term
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Definition
| "mini-stroke"-symptoms do not persist and are typically reversed in minutes to hours. Impairment last up to 15 mins and fully resolve within one day. Rates of stroke after TIA are 4-8% in 30 days and 24-29% in 5 years |
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Term
| deficits caused by stroke |
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Definition
| depends of size and site of stroke. Motor deficits, incontinence, visual changes, auditory changes, loss of sensatio, cognitive deficits common no matter what location |
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Term
| prevention and treatment for strokes |
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Definition
prevention by meds or changes in diet and exercise, clot busting drugs (one good drug called tPA), blood thinners,carotoid endarterectomy (removing plaque in artery), or putting a stent in a clogged artery
treatment with physical therapy or speech therapy, |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by degeneration of the nigrostriatal system which secrete dopamine. Symptoms are muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, resting tremor and postural instability. 1% of people over 65, most cases sporadic, meaning theu occur in people without a familiy hisotry of parkinsons. May be triggered by exposure to enviromental toxins, by a faulty metabolism or by unrecognized infectious disorder. There are some forms of Parkinsons that are heridity though, caused by genetic mutation, although most arnt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine therapy-givin L-Dopa, the precursor of dopamine. This only works temporarily until there is too little dopomineric neurons. Other treatments include fetal tissue transplant of healty subsantia nigra, pallidotomy (lesioning an area of globus plaalidus), or deep brain stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Degeneration of the caudate and the putamen of basil ganglia, particually GABA and Ach neurons. Symptoms are uncontrollage, jerky limb movements that sometimes seem to contain parts of meaningful movements. Earlier onset than Parkinsons. Is hereditary. Eventually causes death 10-15 years after symptoms begin. |
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