Term
| What are the parts comprising the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
-Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal mostly), & subthalamus (discussed in basal ganglia)
-They are all situated around the narrow third ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Give the main parts of the thalamus, as far as motor, sensory, special senses, limbic system, and any others? Give the general from and to? (see plate 5 of neuronetter for more specific) |
|
Definition
Motor; VA & *VL
-Basal ganglia & *cerebellum-->motor cortices
Sensory; VPL (body) & VPM (trigeminal and taste)
-To somatosensory cortex
Special Sensory; MGB (auditory) & LGB (vision)
-To respective 1˚ cortices
-M for music, L for light
Limbic; anterior & medial groups,
-Involved in memory; complex circuitry (see plate 5)
Pulvinar; helps integrate visual and auditory
Midline & intralaminar; involved in arousal and pain (avoidance of in future)
-Important in EEG |
|
|
Term
| Thiamine deficiency degenerates? |
|
Definition
-Dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
-Mammillary bodies (hypothalamus)
-Hippocampus (limbic)
-Ant. vermis of cerebellum
-From too much boozing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Presents with burning, aching pain **contra. to lesion
-**Ventral nuclear group is effected (VPL and VPM)
-If dorsal column input is involved in VPL, there will be contralateral loss of vibratory sense and gait ataxia
-Resistant to pain meds |
|
|
Term
Give nucleus for;
-Sex stuff
-Cooling
-Retaining heat & reg.
-Lowering hunger
-Raising hunger
-Goes to post. pituitary
-Goes to ant. pituitary
-Memory
-Analgesia
-Circadian rhythm |
|
Definition
-Sex stuff; Preoptic (bigger in males, actually tel. derived)
-Cooling; Anterior
-Retaining heat & reg.; Posterior
-Lowering hunger; Ventromedial
-Raising hunger; Lateral*
-Goes to post. pituitary; Supraoptic & paraventricular
-Goes to ant. pituitary; Arcuate
-Memory; Mammillary
-Analgesia; Periventricular (thin sheet)
-Circadian rhythm; Suprachiasmatic (then to pineal)
-Dorsomedial nuc. is involved in feeding and circadian rhythms, and also **sham rage (but not well understood)
-Lateral* also makes some orexin/hypocretin for wakefulness-->*narcolepsy when absent |
|
|
Term
| What is getting sent to the post. and ant. pituitary? How do they get there? |
|
Definition
Neurohypophysis (post.); outgrowth from these nuc.
-Supraoptic-->*vasopressin (some oxytocin)
-Paraventricular-->oxytocin (some vasopressin)
-Get there via the *supraopticohypophysial tract
-(Vasopressin is ADH, oxytocin is for childbirth and sex)
Adenohypophysis
-Arcuate-->releasing and inhibiting factors
-Get there via the hypothalmic hypophyseal portal system
-**Prolactin inhibition is one function
-Notice transport to post. is via nerves and is storage based, and to ant. is via blood vessels and is regulation based |
|
|
Term
Match the disease to the are of the hypothalamus;
-Galactorrhea and amenorrhea
-Obesity
-Diabetes insipidus
-Poikilothermy
-Korsakoff synd.
-Hyperthermia (& hypertension)
-Aphagia
-Arrested sexual dev. |
|
Definition
-Galactorrhea and amenorrhea; arcuate nuc.
-Obesity; ventromedial nuc.
-Diabetes insipidus; supraoptic nuc.
-Poikilothermy (cold blooded); posterior nuc.
-Korsakoff synd.; mammillary body (thiamine def.)
-Hyperthermia (& hypertension); anterior nuc.
-Sever Aphagia; lateral nuc./zone
-Arrested sexual dev.; preoptic nuc. (gives amenorrhea/impotence if lesioned after puberty) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two in the tuberal region? |
|
Definition
-Arcuate and ventromedial nuclei
-Both also part of medial group
-Rest are broken up into ant., med., & post. groups, with a preoptic area off on it's own |
|
|
Term
| What is in the epithalamus? What is it between vertically? |
|
Definition
-*Pineal body & habenular nuclei
-Right between post. commissure and superior colliculus |
|
|
Term
| What does the pineal gland do? |
|
Definition
-Has *pinealocytes to make **melatonin, *serotonin, and cholecytokinin
-Important for *growth and development, and *circadian rhythms
-Interacts with suprachiasmatic nuc. for rhythms and melatonin has sleep inducing properties |
|
|
Term
| What do we expect in pineal tumors? |
|
Definition
-*CSF obstruction at aquaduct
-**Parinaud syndrome; compression of upper midbrain (superior colliculus) and pretectal area causes impairment of upward gaze and pupillary reflex abnormalities, respectively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Early onset of puberty
-Caused by early lesion of the pineal gland in males |
|
|
Term
| What will lesion of the subthalamus nuc. cause? |
|
Definition
| -Hemibalismus (in indirect pathway for BG) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Will give hypotension and loss of stress responses (Clarke)
-It has a net sympathetic excitation response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
