Term
| Parts of basal ganglia and location? |
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Definition
-Striate nuc. (putamen + caudate), telencephalon
-Globus pallidus, telencephalon
-Substantia nigra, midbrain (mes)
-Subthalmic nucleus, diencephalon
-The striate + globus pal = corpus straitum |
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Term
| Give the pathways for direct and indirect? (see 445) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is going on in Huntington disease? Give the kinds of movement expected? |
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Definition
Chorea; multiple quick, random movements superimposed on voluntary movement
-From atrophy of the straitum, namely the **caudate head
-Sometimes called "dancelike movement"
Athetosis; slow writhing movements, usually noticed most in the hands, but can be anywhere
-Huntinton disease is autodom disease of 20-40yr olds
-It results from the **indirect pathway being knocked out at the level of the *striatum (*caudate)
-The result is over-excitation
-Also get *personality changes & mood swings |
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Term
Describe;
-Hemibalismus
-Dystonia |
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Definition
-Hemibalismus; lesion of the **subthalmic nucleus resulting in violent projectile movement, usually in **contralateral upper limb
-Usually from **lacunar infarct
-Dystonia; slow prolonged movement, usually of truncal musculature and often accompanied by athetosis
-Both are problems of the indirect pathway |
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Term
| Give a lesion of the direct pathway and discuss it? |
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Definition
Parkinson disease;
-From degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
-Resting tremor (pill rolling)
-Bradykinesia; trouble initiating movement
-Cog wheel rigidity
-Stooped posture
-Expressionless face
-Chase their center of gravity |
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Term
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Definition
-Accumulate copper in the basal ganglia and liver
-Kayser-Fleischer ring in eye
-ATP7A (missing) normally loads copper onto ceruloplasmin in the liver and sends it to the bloodstream |
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Term
| Give organization around internal capsule? |
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Definition
-Med. to ant. limb; Caudate
-Med. to post. limb; Thalmus
-Lat.; lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus + putamen) |
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