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Neuro Science Pt1
Stuff for test 1
59
Biology
Undergraduate 4
10/15/2009

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Term
Gyri
Definition
Brain Ridges
Term
Sulci
Definition
Brain Grooves
Term
Central Sulcus
Definition
Divides Frontal/Parietal lobes
Term
Longitudinal Fissure
Definition
Divides two cerebral hemispheres
Term
Transverse Fissure
Definition
Seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Term
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
Definition
Divides temporal lobe from frontal/parietal lobe
Term
Frontal lobe does what?
Definition
Memory formation/Emotions/Decision Making/Personality
Term
Parietal lobe does what?
Definition
Spatial awareness and perception
Term
Proprioception
Definition
Awareness of body/body parts in space and in relation to eachother
Term
Occipital lobe does what?
Definition
Processing, integration, interpretation of vision
Term
Temporal lobe does what?
Definition
Hearing, organization/comprehension of language, information retrieval
Term
What does cerebellum do?
Definition
Movement coordination
Term
Hypothalamus job?
Definition
Regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, temperature, hunger, sleep
Term
Astrocyte
Definition
One hooked up to blood vessel
Term
Oligodendrocyte
Definition
Makes the myelin
Term
Microglia
Definition
Like macrophages
Term
Action potential
Definition
The electrical signal conducted along axons or muscle fibers by which information is conveyed from one place to another
Term
active transporter
Definition
transporter moving stuff against a concentration gradient
Term
depolarization
Definition
Displacement of a cell's membrane potential toward a less negative value
Term
Electrochemical equilibrium
Definition
The Condition in which no net ionic flux occurs across a membrane because ion concentrations gradients and transmembrane potentials are in exact balance
Term
hyperpolarization
Definition
More negative on the membrane potential
Term
ion channel
Definition
selective channel for ions to pass
Term
receptor potential
Definition
The membrane potential change elicited in receptor neurons during sensory transduction
Term
synaptic potential
Definition
transmission of info from one neuron to another
Term
threshold potential
Definition
point where action potential is generated
Term
Activation
Definition
Time-dependent opening of ion channels in response to a stimulus, typically membrane depolarization
Term
conduction velocity
Definition
the speed at which an action potential is propagated down an axon
Term
inactivate
Definition
the time-dependent closing of ion channels in response to a stimulus, such as membrane depolarization
Term
membrane conductance
Definition
the reciprocal of membrane resistance, changes in membrane conductance result from, and are used to describe, the opening or closing of ion channels
Term
myelin
Definition
the multilaminated wrapping around many axons formed by oligodendracytes or schawn cells
Term
myelination
Definition
process by which glial cells wrap axons to increase axonal conduction velocity
Term
nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Periodic gaps in the myelination of axons where action potentials are generated
Term
passive current flow
Definition
current flow across neuronal membranes that does not entail the action potential mechanism
Term
refractory period
Definition
the brief period after the generation of an action potential during which a second action potential is difficult or impossible to elicit
Term
saltatory conduction
Definition
mechanism of action potential propagation in myelinated axons
Term
tetaethylammonium
Definition
selectively blocks voltage-sensitive K+ channels; eliminates the delayed K+ current measured in voltage clamp experiments
Term
tetrodotoxin (TTX)
Definition
In puffer fish, blocks voltage sensitive Na+ channels eliminating initial Na+ current measured in voltage clamp experiments
Term
voltage clamp technique
Definition
A method that uses electronic feedback ton control the membrane potential of a cell. measures transmembrane currents that result from the opening and closing of ion channels
Term
ATPase pump
Definition
active transport that uses ATP to drive it
Term
electrogenic pump
Definition
pump that makes a potential
Term
inactivation
Definition
pump turning off, but not closed
Term
ion exchanger
Definition
active transport trading happy ions for sad ones
Term
ion selectivity
Definition
only one type of ion in at a time
Term
ligand-gated ion channel
Definition
ligand needed to activate it...yup
Term
macroscopic current
Definition
what we see in voltage clamping
Term
microschopic current
Definition
what we see in patch clamping
Term
mutagenesis
Definition
forcing stuff to mutate
Term
Na+ pump
Definition
a pump for sodium
Term
ouabain
Definition
stops Na/K ATPase
Term
pore
Definition
a hole.......
Term
Relapsing/Remitting MS
Definition
gets bad, gets good
Term
Progressive relapsing MS
Definition
Gets bad, get's not as good
Term
primary progressive MS
Definition
Gets gradually bad
Term
Secondary progressive MS
Definition
gets good, get's bad, get's gradually bad
Term
shaddow plaque
Definition
partialy remyelinated axons
Term
What happens in MS?
Definition
Inflammatory response, demyelination, axonal loss and oligodendrocyte death
Term
causes?
Definition
Leader: Autoimmune disease
Also pathogen mediated, genetic, damage to blood-brain-barrier
Term
Na/Ca pump in MS
Definition
it can reverse when mitos shut down and the Na/K pump get do its thing
Term
MS/EAE differences?
Definition
MS subsides reoccurs/EAE kills animals
Mild inflammation/Severe nerve infl
Develops over years-decades/Tots different
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