Term
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Definition
| failure of entire brain to develop |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of cerebral hemispheres to develop |
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Term
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Definition
lack of gyri and sulci so the cerebrum is completely smooth
arrest/defect in migration of neurons during development
normal finding in rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebellum fails to develop fully |
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Term
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Definition
| defect of closure of neural tube which causes cyst formation |
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Term
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Definition
| defect of closure of neural tube and the brains gets trapped in the cyst |
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Term
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Definition
absence of dorsal portions of the vertebrae
often affects lumbar and sacral vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of vertebral arches to develop |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of dorsal portions of the vertebrae which is covered by skin and/or muscle |
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Term
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Definition
defect of maturation or death of neuroblasts and/or white matter
focal cyst or cleft in cerebrum that connects arachnoid space or within lateral ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| severe form of porencephaly in which the cerebrum has atrophied to become a thin walled sac of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
as cerebral cortex atrophies, lateral ventricles dilate to compensate
no obstruction of ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
ependymal cells in spinal cord are damaged and CSF flow is disrupted
CSF accumulates in spinal chord and expands in central canal, causes atrophy and further dilation |
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Term
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Definition
porencephaly but in spinal cord
cyst develops in spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebrum swells and pushes under falx cerebri |
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Term
| Transtentorial herniation |
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Definition
due to diffuse cortical edema
squashes the midbrain and medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of the cerebellum through foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
necrosis of medulla, thalamus, basal ganglia-symmetrical encephalomalacia
fibrinoid necrosis, edema, hemorrhage
see incoordination, tremors, convulsions, paddling seizures |
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Term
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Definition
edema
astroycyte swelling, oligodendrocyte damage and edema
spongy change of water matter and white-grey matter junction with swollen pale vacuolated astrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| diffuse cortical edema with malfunction of neurons or necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| focal well dilineated area of depression that is grey/brown |
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Term
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Definition
| pale areas of necrosis in spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of coagulated blood leads to compression of tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex and Pukinje cells are most vulnerable then hippocampal neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| often no lesions, but possible hypoxia from seizure like clonic spams |
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Term
| Septicemic meningoencephalitis |
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Definition
| stiff neck, head pressing, lateral recumbency with paddling |
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Term
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Definition
neutrophils and suppuration in grey matter-white matter junction of cerebrum
walled off by combination of glial scar and meningeal fibrosis |
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Term
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Definition
microabscesses in brainstem (thalamus, midbrain, medulla)
suppurative encephalitis with non-suppurative perivascular cuffs |
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Term
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Definition
thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
local lesion of suppurative vasculitis that leads to thrombosis and infarction
rusty brown spots in brain grossly
histologically suppurative vasculitis, encephalitis with thrombosis, neuronal necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
causes macro/micro foci of cystic granulamatous lesions that look like jelly
narrow based budding with large mucinous capsule |
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Term
| Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccidiodes |
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Definition
| dense, cellular granulomatous meningoencephalitis |
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Term
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Definition
| angioinvasive causing suppurative vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction |
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Term
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Definition
etus- necrosis, granulomatous encephalitis
adult- vascular damage, necrosis, hemorrhage, microgliosis |
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Term
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Definition
| granulomatous lesions anywhere in brain |
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Term
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Definition
necrosis and hemorrhagic of cervical and lumbar spinal cord
small basophilic round/crescent shaped organisms with pyogranulomatous exudate and multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
| Equine Viral Encephalitides |
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Definition
infects endothelium then neurons
neuronal necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic cuffing, mild gliosis in gray matter
affects basal ganglia, midbrain, cortex, spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
neuronal necrosis, lymphocytic encephalitis in grey matter
affects brain and ventral spinal cord |
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Term
| Feline Infectious Peritonitis |
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Definition
| pyogranulomatous encephalitis around blood vessels that become so large looks like neoplasia |
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Term
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Definition
lesions in periventricular white matter
demyelination of white matter tracts in cerebellar peduncles
eosinophilic INTRANUCLEAR viral inclusions in swollen astrocytes |
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Term
| Equine Herpesviral Encephalomyelitis |
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Definition
thrombosis and mini-infarcts
vasculitis, necrosis, effacement of small blood vessels
nonsuppurative perivascular cuffs, focal hemorrhage, leakage of plasma proteins
demyelinatino and neuron damage secondarily |
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Term
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Definition
non-suppurative trigeminal ganglioneuritis and encephalitis
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions are rare |
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Term
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Definition
lymphocytic choroiditis and periventriculitis
demyelination and lymphocytic encephalomyelitis of white matter
spongy change |
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Term
| Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis |
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Definition
tan, orange foci in brain and spinal cord
profound lymphocytic encephalomyelitis and demyelination of white matter |
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Term
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Definition
Negri bodies-large eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions
no inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
yellow to red tracts in parenchyma
coagulation necrosis with free blood and inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
due to vertebral instability in the horse
compression of spinal cord and demyelination
necorsis and hemorrhage of spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
along gray matter-white matter junction in cerebral cortex
red dead neurons along white matter border in cortex with edematous separation of gray and white matter
necrosis starts in sulci then proceeds to gyri
stupor, ataxia, blindess, opisthotonus, paddling, convulsions
diffuse brain edema and deep laminar necrosis of neurons |
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Term
| Thiamin Deficiency in Monogastrics |
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Definition
bilateral symmetrical necrosis and hemorrhage with liquefaction and glial scarring
Chastek paralysis in cats-staggering, circling, wide stance |
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Term
| Sodium Chloride Toxicosis/Water Deprivation |
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Definition
swelling/edema of the brain
neutrophil infiltration
eosinophilic perivascular cuffing |
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Term
| Fumonisin toxicosis in Horses |
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Definition
| necrosis, liquefaction, cavitation of white matter in cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
| Spongiform Encephalopathies |
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Definition
disease of adult/aged animals
neuronal vacuolation, spongy change
gliosis, neuronal loss
no inflammation |
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Term
| Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy |
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Definition
sphingolipids accumulate and kill oligodendrocytes then are phagocytosed by macrophages
macrophages can be seen grossly as tan lines in the white matter
resulting hydrocephalus ex vacuo due to loss of white matte |
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Term
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Definition
| degeneration and necrosis of neurons in cerebellum due to intrinsic metabolic disorder |
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Term
| Equine Motor Neurons Disease |
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Definition
affects lower motor neurons in spinal cord and cranial nerves
chromatolysis and necrosis of cell bodies with astrocyte replacement
Wallerian degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
perivascular edema and red dead neurons
necrosis starts in gyri then spreads to sulci |
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Term
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Definition
tumor compresses cerebral hemisphere often displacing the midline between hemispheres
does not invade the brain
modified fibroblastic tumor with collagen and mineral
slow growing and clinically silent |
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Term
| Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy in PNS |
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Definition
Schwanna cells which degenerate and die
macrophages phagocytose and accumulate as tan streaks where white matter used to be and in peripheral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
hyperesthesia, paresis, paralysis
acute idiopathic polyneuratis with ascending paralysis |
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Term
| Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor |
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Definition
| fusiform neoplastic cells in unique pattern called Antoni A |
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Term
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Definition
myenteric and submucosal plexi are absent in colon
no gut motility=megacolon |
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