Term
|
Definition
1. ischemic (85%)
2. hemmorrhagic (15%) |
|
|
Term
| 2 common sites for thrombosis of cerebral arteries: |
|
Definition
1. cerebral artery branch
2. internal carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| 6 well documented risk factors for ischemic stroke: |
|
Definition
1. HTN
2. Smoking
3. Heart Dz; CAD, LVH, chronic A-fib
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. DM
6. Sickle cell dz |
|
|
Term
| 4 hematologic causes of ischemic stroke: |
|
Definition
1. deficiency of natural anti-coagulants such as Protein C&S, ATIII
2. Clotting factor xs
3. fibrinolytic factor deficiency; plasminogen, plasminogen activator, FXII deficiencies
4. PCV, Sickle cell, increased plt activity |
|
|
Term
| carotid territory: %ischmic strokes & area affected |
|
Definition
| makes up 90% of ischemic strokes and affects the anterior portion |
|
|
Term
| vertebrobasilar territory: is a junction of? affects which portion? |
|
Definition
| junction of the vertebral artery and hte basilar artery, makes up 7% of ischemic strokes and casuses a posterior stroke. |
|
|
Term
| carotid territory presentation: |
|
Definition
1. amaurosis fugax (loss of vision in one eye)
2. alternations in consciousness
3. Aphasia
4. facial weakness/asymmetry
5. incoordination of limbs on one side
6. sensory loss on one side |
|
|
Term
| vertebrobasilar territory presentation: |
|
Definition
1. occipital HA
2. Ataxia/poor balance
3. monoccular or binoccular vision loss
4. Diplopia/photophobia
5. Vertigo, N/V, phonophobia
6. Unilateral hearing loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transient Ischemic Attack causing reduction or cessation of cerebral blood flow lasting 20min-1hr without persentation of neurologic findings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. anti-platelet agents: aspirin, plavix
2. Anti-coagulants: after RO intracranial hemorrhage, admin coumadin get INR 2-3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. carotid endarterectomy; used for stenosis of >50% |
|
|
Term
| 5 initial neurological assessments of Ischemic stroke: |
|
Definition
1. LOC
2. Glasgow Coma Scale
3. Brief neuro exam
4. Ocular findings
5. meningeal signs |
|
|
Term
| glasgow coma scale includes: |
|
Definition
1. eye opening (1-4)
2. verbal response (1-5)
3. motor response (1-6) |
|
|
Term
| TQ: glasgow score that won't require intubation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Middle Cerebral Atery Occlusion Presentation: |
|
Definition
1. contralateral: hemiparesis, hypesthesia
2. Ipsilateral hemianopsia
3. gaze toward side of lesion
4. weakness of upper extremities/face is worse than lower extremeties |
|
|
Term
| Anterior cerebral artery occlusion presentation: |
|
Definition
1. disinhibition c speech preservation
2. produces primitive reflexes (grasping sucking)
3. contralateral weakness; greater in lower extremities
4. gate apraxia
5. urinary incontinence |
|
|
Term
| posterior cerebral artery occlusion presentation: |
|
Definition
1. contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
2. altered mental status
3. impaired memory |
|
|
Term
| vertebrobasilar artery occlusion presentation: |
|
Definition
1. vertigo/ataxia
2. nystagmus/diplopia/visual field deficits
3. dysphagia
4. facial hypesthesia
5. syncope
6. ipsilateral cranial deficits and contralteral motor deficits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the occlusion of small perforating arteries of the deep subcortical areas of the brain |
|
|
Term
| Lacunar strokes are most common in: |
|
Definition
| people with small-vessel dz, such as DM and HTN |
|
|
Term
| Lacunar stroke presentation: |
|
Definition
1. do not lead to impairment of cognition, speech or LOC
2. hemiparetic signs |
|
|
Term
| imaginge useful in detecting hemorrhage: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| imaging useful in detecting early edema: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indications for lumbar puncture in the presence of stroke sx: |
|
Definition
| used if CT is negative & subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected |
|
|
Term
| on CT: hyperdense image in a major intracranial artery: |
|
Definition
| vascular embolic material/calcification |
|
|
Term
| 3 inclusion criteria for admin of thrombolytic (tissue plasminogen activator) |
|
Definition
1. >18yo
2. dx ischemic storke causing neuro deficits
3. time of sx onset is well estab to be <3hrs |
|
|
Term
| exclusion criteria for thrombolytics: |
|
Definition
| 1. increased bleeding risk: evidence of bleed, >INR, 400
3. stroke/MI wn 3mo
4. seizure at onset of stroke
5. surgery wn 14days |
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