Term
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Definition
anterior An anatomical reference meaning toward the
nose, or rostral. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning toward the
nose, or anterior. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning toward
the tail, or caudal. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning toward the
tail, or posterior. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical reference meaning toward the back. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning toward the
belly. |
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Term
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Definition
An invisible line that bisects the nervous
system into right and left halves. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning toward the
midline. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning away from
the midline. |
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Term
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Definition
An anatomical reference meaning on the
same side of the midline. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical reference meaning on the opposite side of the midline. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical plane of section through the midline that is perpendicular to the ground. A section in the midsagittal plane divides the nervous system into right and left halves. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical plane of section that is parallel to the midsagittal plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical plane of section that divides the nervous system into dorsal and ventral parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anatomical plane of section that divides the nervous system into anterior and posterior parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
The largest part of the forebrain; also called
telencephalon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two sides of the cerebrum, derived from the paired telencephalic vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structure derived from the rhombencephalon, attached to the brain stem at the pons; an important movement control center. |
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Term
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Definition
| The diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla. (Some anatomists exclude the diencephalon.) |
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Term
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Definition
| A nerve attached to the spinal cord that innervates the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
A bundle of sensory neuron axons that
emerges from a spinal nerve and attaches to the dor-
sal side of the spinal cord. Dorsal root axons bring
information into the spinal cord. See also ventral
root. |
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Term
|
Definition
A bundle of motor neuron axons that
emerges from the ventral spinal cord and joins sen-
sory fibers to form a spinal nerve. Ventral root axons
carry information away from the spinal cord. See also
dorsal root. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The part of the peripheral nervous system that innervates the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of cell bodies of the sensory neurons that are part of the somatic PNS. There is one dorsal root ganglion for each spinal nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the peripheral nervous system that innervates the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands; also called autonomic nervous system. |
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Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
A system of central and peripheral nerves that innervates the internal organs, cardiovascular system, and glands;
also called visceral PNS. The ANS consists of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| An axon coursing toward and innervating a given structure. See also efferent. |
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Term
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Definition
| An axon originating in and coursing away from a given structure. See also afferent. |
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Term
|
Definition
Twelve pairs of nerves that arise from
each side of the brain stem, numbered from anterior
to posterior. Cranial nerve I is actually the olfactory
tract, and cranial nerve II is the optic nerve; both
are parts of the central nervous system. Cranial
nerves III–XII, which are in the peripheral nervous
system, perform many diverse functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three membranes that cover the surface of the central nervous system: the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater. Singular: meninx. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outermost of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the surface of the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle of the three meninges, the three membranes that cover the surface of the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The innermost of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the surface of the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| (CSF) In the central nervous system, the fluid produced by the choroid plexus that flows through the ventricular system to the subarachnoid space. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cerebrospinal fluid–filled spaces inside the brain, consisting of the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A generic term for a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system. When a freshly dissected brain is cut open, neurons appear gray. |
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Term
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Definition
Any collection of neurons that forms a thin
sheet, usually at the brain’s surface. |
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Term
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Definition
The roughly spherical organelle in a cell
body containing the chromosomes. (2) A clearly
distinguishable mass of neurons, usually deep in
the brain. |
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Term
|
Definition
A group of related neurons deep within
the brain, usually with less distinct borders than
those of nuclei. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, well-defined group of cells. Plural: loci. |
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Term
|
Definition
A collection of neurons in the peripheral
nervous system. Plural: ganglia. |
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Term
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Definition
A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous
system. |
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Term
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Definition
A generic term for a collection of central
nervous system axons. When a freshly dissected brain
is cut open, axons appear white. |
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Term
|
Definition
A collection of central nervous system axons
with a common site of origin and a common
destination. |
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Term
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Definition
A collection of axons that run together but do
not necessarily have the same origin and destination. |
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Term
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Definition
A collection of axons that connect the cere-
brum with the brain stem. |
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Term
|
Definition
Any collection of axons that connect one
side of the brain with the other side. |
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Term
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Definition
A tract that meanders through the brain
like a ribbon. |
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Term
|
Definition
The primitive embryonic central nervous
system, consisting of a tube of neural ectoderm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the growing axon. neural crest The primitive embryonic peripheral nervous system, consisting of neural ectoderm that pinches off laterally as the neural tube forms. |
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Term
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Definition
The formation of the neural tube from
the neural ectoderm during embryonic development. |
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Term
|
Definition
During embryonic development, the
process by which structures become more complex
and functionally specialized. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the brain derived from the
rostral primary embryonic brain vesicle; also called
prosencephalon. Forebrain structures include the
telencephalon and the diencephalon. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the brain derived from the
middle primary embryonic brain vesicle; also called
mesencephalon. Midbrain structures include the
tectum and the tegmentum. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the brain derived from the
caudal primary embryonic brain vesicle; also called
rhombencephalon. Hindbrain structures include the
cerebellum, pons, and medulla. |
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Term
|
Definition
A region of the brain stem derived
from the prosencephalon (forebrain). Diencephalic
structures include the thalamus and hypothalamus. |
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Term
|
Definition
A region of the brain derived from the
prosencephalon (forebrain). Telencephalic structures
include the paired cerebral hemispheres that contain
cerebral cortex and the basal telencephalon. |
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Term
|
Definition
A bulb-shaped brain structure derived
from the telencephalon that receives input from
olfactory receptor neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The CSF-filled space within each cerebral hemisphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| The CSF-filled space within the diencephalon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The layer of gray matter that lies just under the surface of the cerebrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of the telencephalon lying deep in the cerebral hemispheres. |
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Term
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Definition
| The dorsal part of the diencephalon, highly interconnected with the cerebral neocortex. |
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Term
|
Definition
The ventral part of the diencephalon,
involved in the control of the autonomic nervous
system and the pituitary gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of axons lying just below the cerebral cortex. |
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Term
|
Definition
The great cerebral commissure,
consisting of axons connecting the cortex of the two
cerebral hemispheres. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large collection of axons that connects the telencephalon with the diencephalon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the midbrain lying dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The part of the midbrain lying ventral to the cerebral aqueduct. |
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Term
|
Definition
A canal filled with cerebrospinal
fluid within the midbrain. |
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Term
|
Definition
The part of the rostral hindbrain that lies ventral
to the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle. |
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Term
| medulla oblongata (medulla) |
|
Definition
The part of the hindbrain caudal
to the pons and cerebellum; also called medulla. |
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Term
|
Definition
The CSF-filled space within the
hindbrain. |
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Term
|
Definition
The CSF-filled space within the spinal
cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
The dorsal region of the spinal cord
containing neuronal cell bodies. |
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Term
|
Definition
The ventral region of the spinal cord
containing neuronal cell bodies. |
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Term
|
Definition
A groove in the surface of the cerebrum
running between neighboring gyri. Plural: sulci. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A bump or bulge lying between the sulci of the cerebrum. Plural: gyri. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the cerebrum lying under
the temporal bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the cerebrum lying anterior
to the central sulcus under the frontal bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
The sulcus in the cerebrum that divides
the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the cerebrum lying under
the parietal bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the cerebrum lying under
the occipital bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
A region of the cerebral cortex lying
adjacent and medial to the olfactory cortex. In
humans, the hippocampus is in the temporal lobe
and may play a role in learning and memory. |
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Term
|
Definition
The region of the cerebral cortex
connected to the olfactory bulb and separated from
the neocortex by the rhinal fissure. |
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Term
|
Definition
The cerebral cortex, with six or more layers
of neurons, found only in mammals. |
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Term
|
Definition
A map, usually of the cerebral
cortex, based on cytoarchitectural differences. |
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