Term
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Definition
A clear, colourless fluid present in the brain ventricular system, the
central canal of the spinal cord and surrounding brain and spinal cord
in the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
1) Acts as a “shock absorber”
2) Buoyancy – decreases effective weight of brain and prevents compression of neurons on ventral aspect.
-brain is heavy tiss w/ no internal structure, so lipid-rich allows it to float
3) Ischemia prevention – active decrease in volume can decrease pressure in skull cavity and allow higher blood flow
-if you inc press too much in CSF, you can compromise blood flow to brain, so having control is important
4) Solute redistribution/waste removal (ions, excess NT and metabolic by products are partitioned into CSF where they can act as a reservoir or be removed as CSF absorbed) |
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Term
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Definition
mostly in lateral ventricles (70%) and third ventricles (30%)
Four ventricles (reservoirs) throughout the brain are the sites of production of CSF.
Connected to each other via Interventricular Foramina and the Cerebral Aqueduct.
Fourth Ventricle is connected to the Subarachnoid space via Lateral Foramina.
Ventricles are lined with epithelial cells called Ependymal Cells |
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Term
| CSF produced and absorbed |
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Definition
choroid plexus : produces
arachnoid granulations: absorbs |
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Term
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Definition
made in ventricles
travels through aqueduct
secreted in arachnoid space
reabsorbed in sinuses
*keep in mind that the narrow parts are where obstructions would be likely yo occur --> inflammation, tumor can cause hydroceph |
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Term
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Definition
Internal Hydrocephalus –
CAUSE: Occurs when flow is obstructed within the brain
-(usually a congenital or acquired obstruction of cerebral aqueduct etc.).
CSF: accumulating in the ventricle syst
External Hydrocephalus
CAUSE: Occurs when reabsorption is decreased at arachnoid granulations.
-older humans and animals. when arachnoid grans dont absorb as much CSF as coracoid plexus makes
CSF: accumulates in ventricles AND in subarachnoid space. |
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Term
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Definition
CERVICAl
* cisterna magnum
LUMBAR
* cranial to L6 |
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Term
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Definition
The Ear/Vestibular System are responsible for two
special senses: Hearing and Balance.
The Ear is divided into three parts : External, Middle, and Inner Ear.
The sensory transducers for both hearing and balance
are located within the bony labyrinth of the Inner Ear. |
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Term
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Definition
Auricle (Pinna)
Auditory Canal (External meatus)
Tympanic Membrane (Ear drum)
Annular and Auricular Cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Protection, “channeling” sound waves |
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Term
| Auditory Canal (External meatus) |
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Definition
Transmission of sound waves to
tympanic membrane. Vertical and horizontal parts (dog) |
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Term
| Tympanic Membrane (Ear drum) |
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Definition
| Transduce sound waves into mechanical signal |
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Term
| Annular and Auricular Cartilage |
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Definition
Physical support for pinna and
meatus |
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Term
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Definition
Auditory Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes) -
Eustachian Tube
Guttural Pouch |
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Term
| Auditory Ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes |
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Definition
Transduce and amplify vibrations of tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Malleus is physically connected to the tympanic membrane, Stapes is
physically connected to the oval window. Incus is between. Vibrations in tympanic membrane are transmitted to the oval window which vibrates fluid in the cochlea (part of inner ear). |
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Term
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Definition
Communicates with pharynx. Pressure
equalization between inner and middle ear |
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Term
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Definition
Specialized modification of Eustachian Tube in
equids. May be involved in blood cooling. Sometimes a site of fungal infection. |
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Term
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Definition
where the neurologic components are
- when an ear infection reaches the inner ear, can lead to neuro signs such as head tilt, nystag, ataxia
hair cells and fluid move, sends APs to brain via vestibularcochlear n --> inteprets sound
Osseous Labyrinth
Membranous Labyrinth
BALANCE COMPONENTS:
Semicircular Canals
Utricle and Saccule
HEARING COMPOENTS:
Cochlea
organ of cortti
oval window
round window |
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Term
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Definition
Bony labyrinth within the petrous temporal bone
which contains the structures of the inner ear and vestibular system. |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid (endolymph)-filled structure
contained within the bony labyrinth. Surrounds parts of ear
responsible for both hearing and balance. Each is innervated by
different parts of CNVIII which begins here |
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Term
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Definition
Fluid-filled structures (three orthogonal pairs:
anterior, posterior, and lateral) lined by hair cells that transduce
angular acceleration of the head into neural impulses |
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Term
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Definition
Otolith-containing organs lined with hair cells
that transduce linear acceleration of the head into action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony spiral lined by the cochlear duct (membrane). |
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