Bundled flagella unbundle and then "tumble" to reorient to the desired direction. Once they're in place, the flagella will once again begin to rotate and keep the cell moving

The filement protein in flagella is simply flagellin

Catabolic reactions are reactions that release energy. Examples include burning wood and consuming polysaccharides to produce energy

The iron chelating agents are known as siderophores; they're used to obtain iron from mineral iron sources

The reduction potential is the tendency of a compound to donate electrons. The lower the reduction potential, the more likely the substance will be the reduction agent and donate electrons

Activation energy is the energy required to bring the substrate of an enzyme to the reactive state

ATP is a nucleotide that is the primary form in which chemical energy is conserved and utilized in cells

An allosteric enzyme is an enzyme containing an active site plus an allosteric site for binding an effector molecule

An anabolic reaction is the sum total of all biosynthetic reactions in the cell

Anaerobic respiration is a form of respiration in which oxygen is absent and alternative electron acceptors are reduced

The aseptic technique are the manipulations to prevent contaminations of sterile objects or microbial cultures during handling

ATPase (ATP synthase) is a multiprotein enzyme complex embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP coupled to dissipation of the proton motive force

Catabolic reactions are biochemical reactions that lead to enrgy conservation (usually as ATP) by the cell

Chemolithotrophs are organisms that can grow with inorganic compounds as electron donors in energy metabolism

The citric acid cycle is a cyclical series of reactions resulting in the conversion of acetate into two molecules of carbon dioxide along with some other products (including 2 ATP!)

A coenzyme is a small and loosely bound nonprotein moelcule that participates in a reaction as part of an enzyme

A complex medium is a culture medium composed of digests of chemically unidentified substances such as yeast and meat extracts

A culture medium is an aqueous solution of various nutrients suitable for the growth of microorganisms

A defined medium is a medium in which the precise chemical composition is already known

An electron acceptor is a substance that can accept electrons from an electron donor; the acceptor then becomes reduced in the process

An electron donor is a substance that can donate electrons to an electron acceptor; the donor then becomes oxidized through the process

The reaction requires energy to take place. Without the input of energy, the reaction wouldn't take place

It means that the reaction releases energy. A good example would be gasoline combining with air to fuel various things like cars and trucks

Feedback inhibition is a process in which an excess of the end product of a multistep pathway inhibits activity of the first enzyme in the pathway

Fermentation is an anaerobic catabolism in which an organic compound is both an electron donor and an electron acceptor and ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation

Free energy is the energy available to do work; G^0' is the free energy under standard conditions

Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway in which glucose is fermented yielding ATP and various fermentations products; also called the Embden-Mayerhof pathway

Metabolism is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP from a proton motive force formed by electron transport of electrons from organic or inorganic electron donors

Photophosphorylation is the production of ATP from a proton motive force formed from light-driven electron transport

The proton motive force is a source of potential energy resulting from the separation of charge and protons from hydroxyl ions across the cytoplasmic membrane

A pure culture is a culture that contains a single kind of microorganism

Respiration is the process in which a compound is oxidized with oxygen gas as the terminal electron acceptor, usually accompanied by ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation

A siderophore is an iron chelator that can bind iron present at very low concentrations

Substrate-leve phosphorylation is the production of ATP by the direct transfer of an energy-rich phosphate molecule from a phosphorylated organic compound to ADP

When something is sterile that means that it is absent of all microorganisms (including viruses)