An artificial chromosome is a single copy vector that can carry extremely long inserts of DNA and is widely used for cloning segments of large genomes

A bacterial artificial chromosome is a circular artificial chromosome with a bacterial origin of replication

Casette mutagenesis is the creation of mutations by the insertion of a DNA casette

Codon bias is the relative proportions of different codons encoding the same amino acid, it varies in different organisms

A DNA casette is an artificially designed segment of DNA that usually carries a gene for resistance to an antibiotic or some other convenient marker and is flanked by convenient restriction sites

DNA fingerprinting is the use of DNA  technology to determien the origin of DNA in a sample of tissue

A DNA library is a collection fo cloned DNA segments that is big enough to contain at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism

An expression vector is a cloning vector that contains the necessary regulatory sequences to allow transcription and translation of cloned genes

Gene disruption is the inactivation of a gene by inserting into it a DNA fragment containing a selectable marker. The inserted fragment is called a DNA casette

Gene fusion is a structure created by joining together segments of two separate genes, in particular when the regulatory region of one gene is joined to the coding region of a reporter gene

Green flourescent protein is a protein that fluoresces green and is widely used in genetic analysis

Genetic engineering is the use of in vito techniques in the isolation, alteration and expression of DNA and in the development of genetically modified organisms

A human artificial chromosome is an artificial chromosome with human centromere sequence array

Hybridization is the base pairing of single strands of DNA or RNA from two different (but related) sources to give a hybrid double helix

An integrating vector is a cloning vector that becomes integrated into a host chromosome

A modification enzyme is an enzyme that chemically modifies bases within a restriction enzyme recognition site and thus prevents the site from being cut

Molecular cloning is the isolation an incorporation of a fragment of DNA into a vector where it can be replicated

The Northern blot procedure is a hybridization procedure where RNA is in the gel and DNA or RNA is the probe

A nucleic acid probe is a strand of nucleic acid that can be labeled and used to hybridize to a complementary molecule from a mixture of other nucleic acids

PCR is artificial amplification of a DNA sequence by repeated cycles of strand separation and replication

A primer is a short length of DNA or RNA used to initiate snythesis of a new DNA strand

A reporter gene is a gene used in genetic analysis because the product it encodes is easy to detect

A restriction map is a map showing the location of restriction enzyme cut sites on a segment of DNA

A shuttle vector is a cloning vector that can replicate in two or more dissimilar hosts

Site-directed mutagenesis is a technique whereby a gene with a specific mutation can be constructured in vitro

A Southern blot procedure is a hybrdization procedure where DNA is in the gel and RNA or DNA is the probe

A yeast artificial chromosome is an artificial chromosome with yeast origin of replication and CEN sequence