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| Conveys the bit stream, electrical impulse, light or radio signal. Transmits the information across the physical wire. |
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| At this layer the data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. The data link layer is divided into two sub-layers: The media access control (MAC) layer and the logical link control (LLC) Layer |
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| Typically IP routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing. |
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| Usually TCP (the top half TCP/IP) provides transfer data between hosts and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control (TCP provides an acknowledgement for each segment transmitted over the network) |
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| Establishes, manages, and terminates connections and ensures that the connection stays active until a download is complete between applications |
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| Ensures that the data from the application is readable at the destination (i.e. converts jpg into readable format, and then back to .jpg) when it gets there it translates into common format. |
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| The closest layer to the user, users are interacting with applications on the network. |
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| Breaks down the data and adds information that may be necessary for the message to be sent |
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| only one device can talk at once (walkie talkie) |
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Two devices are able to communicate simultaneously
Faster than half duplex |
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| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol |
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| Automatic Private IP Address |
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| Records the places that the packet hops to |
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Application
Presenation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical |
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| Media Access Control address- is a hardware indentification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network. The MAC address is manufactured into every network card and therefore cannot be changed |
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| were one of the first devices used to connect computers together and are still being used in networks today. (can't send and receive at the same time Half Duplex) |
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| a switch stores key information about the computer it connects to. When a switch receives data from one computer destined for another, it only forwards the data to the destination computer. |
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LAN (Local Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
CAN (Campus Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) |
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| Computers by default are only aware of other computers that they are connected to or in the same network. |
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Wide area network-
Connects two or more LANs together over a distance
The two networks are connected via VPN
A device that gets out of the building - through the internet |
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| is a tupe of fiber optic cable through which only one light signal can travel at a time. It can be used in long line lengths without a repeater |
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| has a larger core that allows for multiple streams of light signal to pass through simultaneously. This signal can travel less distance than the Single Core |
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