Term
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Definition
involuntary,glands,
internal organs, respiration
Sympathetic
(arousing)
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Term
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Definition
voluntary,skeletal muscles
Parasympathetic
(calming) |
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Term
sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
•flight/fight response
•increase heart rate, respiration,
dilates arteries, slows digestion |
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Term
parasympatheticnervous system
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Definition
| returns body to calmer functioning after arousal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -transmits info to end of neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| - bulblike structures at end of neuron that release chemicals (neurotransmitters) |
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Term
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Definition
•electrical charge that travels down the axon |
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Term
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Definition
•coating on axon
•speed of impulse
•degeneration = multiple sclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
•gaps in myelin
•speed of impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| gap between terminal button and dendrite of next (receiving) neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical messengers, travel across synapse and bind to receptors of receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - neuron absorbs excess NT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•binds and mimics effect of NT
•Ex. morphine mimics endorphins |
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Term
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Definition
•binds and preventseffect of NT (i.e., Naloxone) |
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Term
•Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
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Definition
•use magnetic fields
•structure of brain or other tissue |
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Term
•Computerized Tomography (CT):
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Definition
•X-ray taken of head at various angles
•gives picture of brain structure |
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Term
function:
•Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
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Definition
| •activity assessed by radioactive dye |
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Term
structure and function:
•Functional MRI (fMRI)
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Definition
| •Both structure and function of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| §rear of the frontal lobes, controls voluntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
| § front of parietal lobes, processes body sensation |
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Term
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Definition
§the body’s “slow” chemical communication system |
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Term
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Definition
§chemical messengers
§mostly manufactured by endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
§endocrine glands above the kidneys
§secrete hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine(noradrenaline); arouse the body in times of stress |
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Term
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Definition
§regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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Term
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Definition
| - our awareness of ourselves and our environments |
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Term
§Circadian Rhythm(“biological clock”)
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Definition
§daily fluctuations in physiological processes
§temperature alertness
§sleep and wake cycles |
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Term
|
Definition
§periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness |
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Term
|
Definition
§slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain |
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Term
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Definition
§large, slow waves of deep sleep
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Term
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Definition
§begin to relax, brain waves slow
§Hypnagogic hallucinations- feeling of falling, etc.
§Myoconic jerk- muscle spasms |
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Term
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Definition
§15 - 20 mins. into sleep cycle |
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Term
§Stages 3 & 4: Slow Wave Sleep
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Definition
§brain waves, breathing, & pulse slow dramatically
§repair to muscles and tissues occurs
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Term
§REM (Rapid Eye Movement)Sleep
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Definition
§vivid dreams
§“paradoxical sleep” |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Why do we sleep?
Restorative
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Definition
| Essential for normal physical/mental functioning |
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Term
Why do we sleep?
Adaptive
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Definition
| Theory that being asleep at night kept us safe |
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Term
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Definition
Consolidates Memory and Learning
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Term
|
Definition
| persistent problems in falling or staying asleep |
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Term
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Definition
| §uncontrollable sleep attacks |
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Term
|
Definition
§temporary cessation of breathing
§momentary reawakenings |
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Term
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Definition
| §state of panic during Stage 3 and 4 |
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Term
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Definition
§occurs during Stages 3 and 4.
§25% of children have at least 1 episode |
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Term
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Definition
§dreams = wish fulfillment
§discharge otherwise unacceptable feelings
§Manifest Content - storyline of dream
§Latent Content- underlying meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| §Related to events of previous day |
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Term
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Definition
§Memory and learning consolidation |
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Term
§Preserves Neural Pathways
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Definition
§Dreaming is like a “workout” for the brain that develops/preserves neural pathways |
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Term
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Definition
§Brain tries to make story out of random bursts of energy occurring while we sleep |
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Term
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Definition
§sleeper is aware of dreaming
§some control over dream |
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