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Nervous System
Nervous System
59
Medical
Undergraduate 1
08/28/2013

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Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
Brain and spinal cord
Term
divisions of nervous system
Definition
Central and Peripheral
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Cranial and spinal nerves
Term
Neurons
Definition
nerves
Term
Neuroglia
Definition
accessory cells of nervous system
Term
Frontal Lobe Of Cerebrum
Definition
Motor control
Term
Parietal Lobe Of Cerebrum
Definition
Sensation memory
Term
Temporal Lobe Of Cerebrum
Definition
Hearing
Term
Occipital Lobe Of Cerebrum
Definition
Vision
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
"Small brain" fine motor skills, motor memory
Term
Brainstem
Definition
"origin of brain" basic functions, involuntary function like heart and respiration
Term
Prefrontal cortex
Definition
social skills, lacking in autism
Term
spinal cord
Definition
bundle of spinal nerves
Term
dura mater
Definition
calcified hard layer, secondary protection of brain and spinal cord
Term
arachnoid mater
Definition
middle layer of protection of brain and spinal cord, moves fluid around
Term
pia mater
Definition
inner layer of thin tissue covering brain and spinal cord
Term
cortical white matter
Definition
inside of brain, outside of spinal cord
Term
medullary gray matter
Definition
outside of brain, inside of spinal cord
Term
myelin
Definition
fatty tissue, transmits signals
Term
dorsal horn (sensory neurons)
Definition
transmits signals back toward brain
Term
ventral horn (motor neurons)
Definition
transmits signals from brain back to muscles or organs
Term
neuron
Definition
transmits impulses from tissue to brain or from brain to muscle
Term
dendrites
Definition
projection, increases surface area
Term
soma
Definition
body of nerve
Term
axon
Definition
projection of nerve that communicates
Term
axon hillock
Definition
start of axon
Term
axon terminal
Definition
end of axon, releases neurotransmitter to synapse
Term
synapse
Definition
area or gap where neurotransmitter is released and tissue where it is received
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
fatty sheath, insulator, speeds transmission of signals
Term
neuroglia
Definition
accessory nervous cells responsible for upkeep of neurons and neuronal environment
Term
astrocyte
Definition
part of the neuroglia, mother cells, part of the neuroglia, looks like stars, buffer, food
Term
oligodentrocytes
Definition
part of the neuroglia, make myelin
Term
Schwann cells
Definition
part of the neuroglia, make myelin
Term
microglia
Definition
part of the neuroglia, modified macrophage, provides immunity
Term
ependymal cells
Definition
part of the neuroglia, filters and makes cerebrospinal fluid,
Term
vagus nerve
Definition
main parasympathetic nerve, rest and digest
Term
cranial nerves
Definition
come directly from the brain to control head and neck
Term
spinal nerves
Definition
31 pairs exits from spinal cord
Term
function of nervous system
Definition
sense physical and chemical change in the internal and external environment, processes changes, responds to maintain homeostasis
Term
brain
Definition
highway that integrates physical and mental activity, center for memory, emotion, thought judgment, and reasoning
Term
spinal cord
Definition
transmits sensory impulses from body to brain, and motor impulses from brain to muscles and organs
Term
cerebrovascular disease
Definition
stroke - either ischemic or hemorrhagic
Term
seizure disorders
Definition
partial (localized to specific area) or generalized (entire brain involved)
Term
Parkinson's disease
Definition
loss of dopamine in basal ganglia, causing inability to suppress secondary movement.
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
autoimmune disease - progressive demyelination of central nervous axons, transmission of signal speed decreases
Term
Alzheimer's disease
Definition
d[progressive degeneration of cerebral cortex
Term
autism
Definition
prefrontal cortex doesn't develop properly
Term
coma
Definition
deep unconscious sleep, majority of brain is shut off, brainstem still awake
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
water on brain - pressure can cause mental retardation
Term
spinal bifida
Definition
caused by insufficient folic acid during fetal development
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
loss in mobility of right or left side
Term
paraplegia
Definition
loss of mobility of 2 limbs
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
loss of mobility of all limbs
Term
sciatica
Definition
pinching of sciatic nerve, pain radiates down leg
Term
transient ischemic attach (TIA)
Definition
stroke
Term
electroencephalography
Definition
look at electrical impulses in head
Term
lumbar puncture
Definition
spinal tap, epidural, lower back puncture
Term
angiography
Definition
view vessels in brain
Term
myelography
Definition
electrically charge nerve to stimulate muscle - nerve induction
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