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| Controls the detection of and responses to the environment (internal and external) |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Peripheral Nervous System= |
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| network of nerves throughout body |
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*Carry nerve impulses away from soma
*May or May not be myelinated
*End in telodendria at synaptic terminal (synapse) |
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*Receive impulses from surroundings
*Highly Branched
*Cover 80%-90% of body |
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| *Wave of chemical and electrical changes along the cell membrane of neurons |
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| Nerve _________ occur in _____ direction only! |
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In normal resting state->
*Inside of neurons slightly __________ charged with higher concentration of ___.
*Outside of neuron slightly _______ charged with higher concentration of ___. |
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*Negatively, K+
*Positively, Na+ |
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Nerve impulses when stimulated->
1 |
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| 1. Ion gate opens allowing Na+ to rush in |
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| K+ rushes out to maintain balance in charges |
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| Charge stimulates neighboring gate to open |
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| This causes a "wave" of impulse to travel along the nerve fiber |
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| At the end of the axon the impulse is transmitted to the next cell across the synapse |
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| Neurotransmitters stored in vacuoles at ends of axons are released into synapse |
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| Reaction of neurotransmitter with receptors on neighboring cell causes the neighboring cell to react and respond |
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| Neurotransmitters are quickly reabsorbed to use again |
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*Acetylcholine
*Norepinephrine
*Dopamine
*Serotonin
*Endorphins |
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*Neurons in brain
*ANS (autonomic nervous system) |
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| Attention/emotional centers in brain |
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*sensory neuron
*motor neuron
*Interneuron |
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Sensory neuron->
*conduct nerve impulse ______ ____
*Gather info from ______ and ___________ |
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*Toward, CNS
*organs, environment |
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Motor neuron->
*Conduct nerve impulses _______ _______ ____ toward muscles, ______ and glands to initiate __________. |
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*away from CNS
*organs, response |
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Interneuron->
*Conduct nerve impulse _______ _______.
*Conduct ________ and ________ neurons.
*Coordinate ________ and ________ messages. |
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*within CNS
*sensory, motor
*incoming, outgoing |
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*Astrocytes
*Oligodendrocytes
*Microgila
*Ependymal Cells |
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Astrocytes ->
*_________ stable ________ environment.
*__________ neurotransmitters.
*Assist in _______/_________ |
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*Maintain, Chemical
*injury, repair |
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Oligodendrocytes->
*__________ CNS axons
*Structural ______ |
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Microglia->
*Remove ________, _______, and ________ |
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Ependymal cells ->
*Line ______
*Assist in ______ production/circulation |
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*satellite cells
*schwann cells |
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| Attaches brain to spinal cord |
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*Mesencephalon
*Pons
*Medulla oblongata
*Thalamus
*Hypothalamus |
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| cerebellum/thalamus relays |
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| directs incoming messages to appropriate part of the brain |
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*maintains homeostasis
*connects nervous system to endocrine |
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| coordinates muscular activity |
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| visual/auditory data, consciousness |
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*Brain stem
*cerebellum
*cerebrum
*Limbic system |
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Cerebrum
*controls _________/_________ activity
*Large area with folds =________
*Two _________ with ______ lobes each |
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*voluntary/conscious
*Cerebral cortex
*hemispheres, 4 |
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Limbic System
Controls _______,_______,________ |
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| *emotion, reasoning, memory |
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PNS =
*________ and _______ neurons
(2) |
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*somatic nervous system
*Autonomic nervous system |
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| controls voluntary responses and some voluntary reflexes |
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| Autonomic nervous system= |
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| controls most involuntary responses (smooth muscle, organs, glands) |
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| Autonomic nervous system-> |
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*sympathetic NS
*Parasympathetic NS |
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| Controls responses to stress |
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| controls functions associated with digestion |
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| sympathetic and parasympathetic work together to maintain ________. |
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