Term
What seven cranial nerves are involved in speech, language, and hearing?
Numbers and Names |
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Definition
V Trigeminal Nerve
VII Facial Nerve
VIII Acoustic (vestibulocochlear)
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Spinal Accessory
XII Hypoglossal |
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Term
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Definition
Trigeminal
Face(sensory); jaw(movement) |
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Term
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Definition
Facial
Tongue(sensory); face(motor) |
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Term
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Definition
Acoustic
Hearing and Balance(sensory) |
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Term
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Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Tongue and pharynx(sensory); pharynx only (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
Vagus
Larynx, respiratory, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems (sensory & motor) |
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Term
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Definition
Asscessory
Shoulder, arm, and throat movements (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
hypoglossal
mostly tongue movements (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
V
Face(sensory); jaw(motor) |
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Term
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Definition
VII
Tongue(sensory); face (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
VIII
Hearing and balance (sensory) |
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Term
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Definition
IX
Tongue and pharynx (sensory; pharynx only (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
X
Larynx, respiratory, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems (sensory and motor) |
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Term
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Definition
XI
Shoulder, arm, and throat movements (motor) |
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Term
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Definition
XII
mostly tongue movements (motor) |
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Term
| What nervous system are the cranial nerves a part of? |
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Definition
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| collection of nerves that are outside of the skull and spinal column that carry sensory and motor impulses. |
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Term
| What is the Peripheral Nervous System made of? |
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Definition
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System |
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Term
| What is the Central Nervous System made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the spinal nerves and how many of each pair. |
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Definition
Cervial 8
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral 5
Coccygeal 1 |
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Term
| What is the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| part of PNS that controls and regulates our heartbeat and smooths muscles and various glands that secrete hormones. |
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Term
| What makes up the Brain Stem? |
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Definition
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Spinal Cord |
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Term
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Definition
connects the brain stem and cerebellum together
Substantia nigra runs the vertical length of the midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| Bridges the two halves of the cerebellum together |
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Term
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Definition
| Uppermost portion of the spinal cord that contains all the fibers that originate in the cerebellum and cerebrum and move downward to form the spinal cord |
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Term
| Reticular Activating System |
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Definition
structure withing the midbrain, brain stem, and upper portion of the spinal cord that integrates motor impulses flowing out of the brain with sensory impulses flowing into it.
ATTENTION and CONSCIOUSNESS |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains thrid ventricle, thalamus, and hypothalmus. |
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Term
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Definition
regulates sensory and motor impulses
Maintence of CONSCIOUSNESS and ALERTNESS |
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Term
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Definition
integrates actions of the ANS
Controls EMOTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
GRAY MATTER
Receive input primarly from the FONTAL LOBE and relay information back to higher centers of the brain via THALAMUS.
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM |
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Term
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Definition
| functionally realted to basal ganglia important for motor movements involved with speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Result in unusual body postures (dysarthria), changes in body tone, and involuntary and uncontrolled movements (dyskinesias) that interfere witha person's votuntary attempts to walk, speak, or do many other activities. |
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Term
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Definition
"Little Brain"
Two different hemisphere that are different from the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
Regulates equilibrium (balance), body posture, and coordinated fine-motor movements. |
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Term
| What damage is the result of lesions to the Cerebellum? |
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Definition
Ataxia- found in some people with cerebral palsy.
These individuals are likely to show abnormal gait, disturbed balance, and a speech disorder called ATAXIC DYSARTHRIA. |
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Term
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Definition
"Cerebral Cortex"
biggest and most important CNS structure for language, speech, and hearing. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shallow valley in the cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| deep valleys in the cortex and are boundaries between the broad divisions of the cerebrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| along the middler of the brain from front to back, and divides the cerebrum into the left and right hemispheres. |
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Term
| Fissure of Rolando "Central Sulcus" |
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Definition
| major fissure, which runs laterally, downward, and forward, and arbitarily divides the anterior from the posterior half of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| starts at the inferior portion of the frontal lobe at the base of the brain and moves laterally and upward. Areas surrounding it are important for speech, language, and hearing. |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior portion of the cerebrum.
Critical for the deliberation of plans and intensions that dictate a person's conscious behavior.
Contains primary MOTOR CORTEX and BROCA'S AREA |
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Term
| Damage to the frontal lobe results in? |
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Definition
| Difficulty carrying out consciously organized activity. |
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Term
| Primary Motor Cortex (Motor Strip) |
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Definition
Located on the precentral gyrus.
Controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
"Motor Speech Area"
Anterior to the portion of the primary motor cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Upper sides of the cerebrum behind the frontal lobe and considered to be the "Primary Sensory Area".
Integrates contralateral sensations such as pressure, pain, temperature, and touch.
Contains the Postcentral Gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and the angular gyrus. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Sensory Cortex or Sensory Strip" |
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Term
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Definition
inferior portion of the parietal lobe.
Damage to this area can cause CONDUCTION APHASIA and AGRAPHIA a writing disorder |
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Term
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Definition
posterior to the supramarginal gyrus.
Damage to this area can cause writing, reading, and naming difficulties and in some cases, transcortical sensory aphasia. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Contains primary auditory cortex and auditory association cortex. -Heschl's Gyri
superior temporal gyrus-WERNICKES AREA |
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Term
| Damage to the Superior Temporal Gyrus causes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"COMPREHENSION of spoken and written language"
superior temporal gyrus |
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Term
| Name the three types of connecting fibers in the brain. |
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Definition
projection fibers
association fibers
commissural fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Connections between the cortex and subcortical structures like the cerebellum, basal ganglia, brain stem, and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| connect areas within a hemishpere |
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Term
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Definition
| connect the two hemispheres of the cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Association Fiber that connects Broca's and Wernicke's Area.
Important for verbal memory, language acquisition, and meaninful language production. |
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Term
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Definition
commissural fibers that connects the two hemispheres at their base.
Damage disconnects the hemispheres, resulting in problems in naming, reading, movement, and others. |
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