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Nervous System
Some terms dealing with the Nervous System
36
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/31/2011

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Term
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Definition
Cholinergic neurotransmitter in various tissues and organs of the body; plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions
Myo=muscle, neural=nerve
Term
Akathesia
Definition
Inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety
Term
Akinesia
Definition
Loss or lack of the power of voluntary motion
Term
Amnesia
Definition
Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory
Term
Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis
Definition
Muscular weakness, atrophy, with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord, medulla, and cortex
Term
Analgesia
Definition
Condition in which there is a lack of the sense of pain
Term
Anesthesia
Definition
Loss or lack of the sense of feeling
Term
Aphagia
Definition
Loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow
Term
Aphasia
Definition
Loss or lack of the ability to speak due to neurological impairment. A person may also have difficulty understanding others and/or expressing him- or herself verbally.
Term
Apraxia
Definition
Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living, such as dressing and bathing.
Term
Asthenia
Definition
Loss or lack of strength
Term
Ataxia
Definition
Loss or lack of muscle coordination
Term
Automatic Nervous System
Definition
Autonomic Nervous System The system of nerves that adjust without conscious thought and generally influence the function of smooth muscle and glands.
Term
Cerebellar
Definition
Pertaining to the Cerebellum
Term
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Definition
Disorder of movement and posture secondary to lesions or anomalies of the brain, arising in the early stages of its development. Most common chronic disorder of childhood involving four motor dysfunctions: spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed.
Term
Dementia
Definition
Refers to a group of symptoms marked by memory loss and other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia.
Term
Dysphasia
Definition
Impairment of speech caused by a brain lesion
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
Inflammation of the brain
Term
Endorphins
Definition
Chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
The neuro-transmitter associated with the adrenergic portion of the autonomic nervous system.
Term
Intracranial
Definition
Pertaining to within the skull
Term
Meningitis
Definition
Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain
Term
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Definition
Chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheat cord causing trem h. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal ors, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech.
Term
Myelitis
Definition
Inflammation of the Spinal Cord
Term
Narcolepsy
Definition
Chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable drowsiness and sleep
Term
Neuralgia
Definition
Pain in a nerve or nerves
Term
Neuroblast
Definition
Germ cell from which nervous tissue is formed
Term
Neurocyte
Definition
Nervce cell, neuron
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
Substances within neurons and the cerebrospinal fluid that allow nerve cells to communicate with one another
Term
Palsy
Definition
Loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function; also called paralysis. There are many types of palsy; one example is Bell’s palsy, a unilateral paralysis of the facial (VII) nerve. The facial expression is distorted and the patient could be unable to close an eye or control salivation on the affected side.
Term
Parkinson's Disease
Definition
Chronic disease of the nervous system characterized by a loss of equilibrium and by salivation, frustration, nausea, dryness of the mouth, and muscular tremors
Term
Receptor
Definition
Sensory nerve ending that receives and relays responses to stimuli
Term
Reye's Syndrome
Definition
Acute disease that causes edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration of the liver and other vital organs; occurs in children and has a relation to aspirin administration; can be viral in origin
Term
Subdural
Definition
Death of brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get enough blood and oxygen; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack.
Term
Synapse
Definition
The space between two neurons (nerves) where chemical transmission propagates a nervous impulse
Term
Tay-Sachs Disease
Definition
Inherited, progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tissue; predominantly affects Jewish children of Ashkenazi origin
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