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| tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement of the entire body or body parts |
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| tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs |
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| tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together |
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| tissue that receives messages from the body's external and internal environment, analyzes the data, and directs the response |
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| process by which the product of a system shuts down the system or limits its operation |
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| cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system |
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| largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm |
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| extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body |
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| long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron |
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| insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons |
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| difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron |
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| reversal of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron |
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| minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron |
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| location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell |
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| chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse to another cell |
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| the brain and the spinal cord |
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| three layers of connective in which the brain and spinal cord are wrapped |
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| fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system |
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| area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body |
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| region of the brain that coordinates body movements |
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| structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons |
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| brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing |
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| brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature |
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| quick automatic response to a stimulus |
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| neuron that reacts directly to light, sound, or other stimuli by sending impulses to other neurons and eventually to the central nervous system |
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| small opening in the middle of the iris through which light enters the eye |
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| transparent object behind the iris that changes shape to help adjust the eye's focus to see near or distant objects |
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| innermost layer of the eye |
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| photoreceptor in eye that is extremely sensitive to light |
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| photoreceptor that responds to light of different colors, producing color vision |
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| fluid-filled part of the inner ear; sends nerve impulses to the brain through the cochlear nerve |
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| one of three structures within the inner ear that help an organism maintain balance |
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| sense organ that detects the flavor of a substance |
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| any substance, other than food, that causes a change in the structure or function of the body |
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| drug that speeds up the actions regulated by the nervous system |
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| drug that decreases the rate of function regulated by the brain |
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| uncontrollable craving for more of a drug |
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| group of birth defects caused by the affects of alcohol on a fetus |
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| use of drugs in a way that most doctors would not approve |
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| tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone |
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| one of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels and nerves |
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| soft tissue inside cavities within bones; two types are yellow marrow and red marrow |
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| strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone |
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| process of bone formation, during which cartilage is replaced by bone |
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| place where one bone attaches to another |
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| strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that holds bones together |
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| protein that makes up the thick filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells |
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| a protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells |
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| point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
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| neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse and produces an impulse in the cell membrane of a muscle cell |
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| tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bones |
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| tough, fibrous protein found in skin |
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| dark-brown pigment found in skin |
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| tubelike pocket of epidermal cells that extends into the dermis; cells at the base of hair follicles produce hair |
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